The Biblical Annals, 2023, Tom 13 (70), Nr 2
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- ItemChristoph Heilig, The Apostle and the Empire. Paul’s Implicit and Explicit Criticism of Rome (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans 2022)(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Kowalski, MarcinBook Review: Christoph Heilig, The Apostle and the Empire. Paul’s Implicit and Explicit Criticism of Rome (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans 2022). Pp. 192 + xxii. ISBN 978-0-8028-8223-3
- ItemDziałalność Sekcji Nauk Biblijnych Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawła II w roku akademickim 2021/2022(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Bąk, Tomasz Bartłomiej
- ItemJan ze Lwowa i Erazm z Rotterdamu. Grecki tekst Nowego Testamentu a pierwodruk (1561) oraz zrewidowana edycja (1575) "Biblii Leopolity"(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Rubik, TadeuszAutor dowodzi, że tłumaczenie Nowego Testamentu z katolickiej Biblii Leopolity (1561) jest w znacznej mierze oparte na tekście greckim Erazma z Rotterdamu oraz jego pracach tekstualno-krytycznych, zawartych w Novum Instrumentum. Autor dowodzi ponadto, że wpływ ten był eliminowany w zrewidowanej edycji Biblii Leopolity z 1575 r. Tezy te wsparte są analizą ośmiu przykladów wpływów prac Erazma na polską translację. Author argues that the translation of the New Testament from the Polish Catholic Leopolita’s Bible (1561) was, to a significant extent, based on Erasmus’ of Rotterdam Greek text, and textual-critical scholarship as in the editions of Novum Instrumentum. Furthermore author argues that this influence was being removed in the revised edition of the Leopolita’s Bible (1575) because it was considered as controversial by some of the Catholics. These theses are supported by discussing eight textual examples of Erasmus’ influence on the Polish translation (out of 18 identified dependencies).
- Item„Sprawiedliwy ginie, a nikt się tym nie przejmuje” (Iz 57,1a) – obraz judejskiej elity w inwektywach Trito-Izajasza (Iz 56–57). Kryzys przywództwa w prowincji Jehud w połowie V wieku przed Chr.(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Zawadzki, ArnoldArtykuł wykazuje, że Iz 56–57 jest zestawieniem pięciu obrazów (56,1-8; 56,9-12; 57,1-2; 57,3-13; 57,14-21) stworzonych w stylu variatio. Wstęp przedstawia jedno zdanie z Tacyta jako przykład zastosowanej variatio oraz trudu intelektualnej refleksji, jaki czytelnik musi podjąć, by je zrozumieć. Następnie rozbudowana egzegeza Iz 56–57 – łączącą niepowiązane na pozór fragmenty w spójną całość – prowadzi do ukazania sytuacji Jehud w połowie V wieku przed Chr., w przeddzień reformy Nehemiasza. Proroctwo o eunuchu w Iz 56,1-8 jest historyczną aluzją do Nehemiasza i próbą jego uwiarygodnienia. Szereg argumentów wskazuje bowiem, że przez Judejczyków mógł być uważany za eunucha i cudzoziemca (nawet jeśli de facto nim nie był – dostępne źródła nie są jednoznaczne). Otrzymując powołanie, zostaje przygotowany, by stawić czoła kryzysowi społeczno-religijnemu. Jest to głównie kryzys przywództwa: ci, którzy stoją na czele, są zdegenerowani, poddani znieczulicy moralnej, duchowemu otępieniu, pijaństwu, prostytucji i bałwochwalczym praktykom (składanie dzieci w ofiarach, nierząd sakralny, kult Molocha), porównani do niemych psów, nie widzą zbliżającego się zagrożenia. Negatywny obraz elit jest zrównoważony pozytywnymi akcentami: obecnością sprawiedliwych, których śmierć nie jest bezowocna, działalnością środowiska prorockiego i zapowiedzią interwencji Boga przebaczającego i ogłaszającego pokój. Krótkie zakończenie uwypukla doniosłość teologiczną badanych tekstów: inkluzywność, śmierć sprawiedliwego (wypełniona teologią cierpienia zastępczego), świętość ontyczna Boga jako podstawa miłosierdzia oraz natchnienie prorockie jako działalność Boga Stwórcy – to niektóre z teologicznych tematów obecnych w Iz 56–57. Artykuł ma charakter stricte egzegetyczny i opisowy z elementami humanizmu i duchowości. The article shows that Isa 56–57 is a collection of five images (56:1–8; 56:9–12; 57:1–2; 57:3–13; 57:14–21) created in variatio style. The introduction presents a single sentence from Tacitus as an example of the variatio employed and the effort of intellectual reflection that the reader must undertake to understand it. Then an extended exegesis of Isa 56–57 – linking seemingly unconnected passages into a coherent whole – leads to a depiction of the situation of Yehud in the mid-fifth century BC, on the eve of Nehemiah’s reform. The prophecy about the eunuch in Isa 56:1–8 is a historical allusion to Nehemiah and an attempt to give him credence. Indeed, a number of arguments indicate that he may have been considered a eunuch and a foreigner by the Judeans (even if he was not de facto one – the available sources are not conclusive). Receiving a vocation, he is prepared to face a socio-religious crisis. It is mainly a crisis of leadership: those in leadership are degenerate, subject to moral insensitivity, spiritual stupefaction, drunkenness, prostitution and idolatrous practices (child sacrifice, sacred fornication, worship of Moloch), compared to mute dogs, unable to see the impending danger. The negative portrayal of the elite is balanced by positive emphases: the presence of the righteous whose death is not fruitless, the activity of the prophetic community and the announcement of the intervention of God who forgives and proclaims peace. A brief conclusion highlights the theological significance of the texts under study: inclusivity, the death of the righteous (filled with a theology of vicarious suffering), God’s ontic holiness as the basis of mercy, and prophetic inspiration as the activity of God the Creator are some of the theological themes present in Isa 56–57. The article is strictly exegetical and descriptive with elements of humanism and spirituality.
- ItemStraniero ma non estraneo. Lo sfondo esperienziale e teologico della relazione con l’altro(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) De Panfilis, DanielaThe theme of the “stranger” in the Bible will be approached from the point of view of the relationship between an indigenous group and the “otherness” represented by those who sojourn in a foreign land. The words that the Hebrew language uses for “stranger” testifies to a nuanced perception of this overall category and also a nuanced attitude toward different kinds of “strangers.” The methodology applied is the Social Identity Approach, that focuses on intergroup relationship, and, the concept of Proximate Other. Among the “others,” the biblical Laws’ corpora give particular attention to gēr. The gēr is “other,” but he/she dwells within the Israelite in-group and shares with it his/her everyday life. Nine rules add a motive clause which refers to the experiential background of Jacob’s clan in Egypt. Four of these motive clauses refer to Israelites as gērim and come at the end of rules about only the gēr in Israel’s land. The theological background is expressed in Lev 25:23, which uses the word gērim for the relationship between God and his people. The proposal of the Bible is to bring near the “stranger,” so that the “stranger” is not more an “extraneous.”
- ItemThe Characterisation of Joseph by Matthew (Matt 1–2; 13:55)(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Mielcarek, Krzysztof WojciechThe article presents the figure of Joseph and his place in the narrative by the first evangelist in Matt 1–2. Apart from the arguments for the unifying function of Mary’s spouse in the whole Infancy Narrative, the most important features of Joseph highlighted by Matthew are emphasised. Those include the attitude of the righteous man, the fact of belonging to the royal family of King David, the bond and similarity to the actions of the patriarchs, as well as the silent and ascetic nature of the spouse and parent. Despite many similarities to the Lukan narrative, the first evangelist stresses different aspects in his characterisation of Joseph. Using the tools proposed by Cornelis Bennema, the author of the paper also assesses the degree of characterisation of the person under study, his role in the narrative and his representative value for the modern reader.
- ItemThe Division and Structure of “David’s Compositions” (11Q5)(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Biegas, MarcinThe 11Q5 scroll is the longest and best-preserved manuscript containing psalms. In col. XXVII, it includes a hitherto unknown work, bearing the title “David’s Compositions.” Beginning with the critical edition, through various works devoted to the analysis of the composition from col. XXVII (2–11), the text is considered the only instance of prose in 11Q5. The main aim of the paper is to analyse the text of David’s Compositions in order to determine its literary form and structure. The paper is divided into several sections. The first section presents the Hebrew text with an English translation and a few remarks focused on the physical description of the text of David’s Compositions. The next one is a brief analysis of the internal context of the end of the Great Psalms Scroll, where the analysed text of David’s Compositions can be found. Finally, and most importantly, the Compositions were divided into verses and their literary form and structure was determined.
- ItemThe Forging of a Tradition: The Hebrew Bible, Ezra the Scribe, and the Corruption of Jewish Monotheism According to the Writings of al-Ṭabarī, al-Thaʿlabī, and Ibn Ḥazm(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Donnelly, StevenA widely distributed religious legend maintains that Ezra the scribe rewrote the Hebrew Bible sometime during the post-exilic period. The story is interpreted differently among its varying iterations. Some accounts view Ezra’s recovery of the Scriptures as an act of divine wonder while other versions insist that Ezra’s hand distorted the biblical text. Both outlooks are present in medieval Islamic writings. This article considers the polemical approach of three Muslim authors (e.g., al-Ṭabarī, al-Thaʿlabī, and Ibn Ḥazm) and their portraits of Ezra, including his role that led to a purported compromise of Jewish monotheism. The article explores Ibn Ḥazm’s claim that Ezra the scribe corrupted the biblical text. Several sources are examined (e.g., 4 Ezra, Porphyry, Justin Martyr, a Samaritan liturgical imprecation, and diverse rabbinic traditions) as plausible support for the charge that Ezra corrupted the Scriptures. A tale from Avot d’Rabbi Natan that features Ezra’s alleged scribal dots is posited as a reasonable source for the comment. Given Ibn Ḥazm’s interpretive outlook and Ezra’s prominent role in the story, the dots offer a new and sensible explanation.
- ItemWhat Are the Maccabean Insurgents Fighting For? The Theological Meaning of νομίμων in 1 Macc 3:21(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Nawrot, JanuszIn the discussed verse 1 Macc 3:21, there are two main motivations for the struggle of Judah Maccabee and his compatriots against the Seleucid army of Antiochus IV Epiphanes. The text combines the struggle for the physical existence of Jews with the defence of native customs established on the foundations of the Mosaic Law. There is a clear indissolubility of life and faith in the Jewish consciousness. One cannot survive without one’s own religious tradition, which is the basis of national identity. This article aims to explore the meaning of the Greek adjective νόμιμος, -η, -ον, appearing in the analysed verse of the the book, as substantive (τὸ) νόμιμον, "custom" especially in the plural τὰ νόμιμα, "customs, usages, norms". This term will be presented from a theological and historical perspective in search of an answer to the question about its content and implied meaning in the speech of Judah to his countrymen before the beginning of the battle of Beth-Choron. This content will be both the justification of the struggle undertaken and its importance in the history of Israel in the middle of the 2nd century BC.