Uposażenie organistów w parafiach rzymskokatolickiej diecezji przemyskiej w połowie XVIII wieku
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Date
2022
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Wydawnictwo KUL
Abstract
W artykule omówiono uposażenie organistów, którym dysponowali oni w połowie XVIII stulecia w parafiach rzymskokatolickiej diecezji przemyskiej. Głównymi źródłami pozwalającymi bliżej poznać tę społeczność parafialną są wizytacje biskupie. Tutaj skupiono się przede wszystkim na dwóch, tj. z lat 1743-1745 i 1753-1757, przeprowadzonych przez ordynariusza przemyskiego Wacława Hieronima Sierakowskiego (1742-1760). Niekiedy organistów utożsamiano z nauczycielami i na odwrót, gdyż umiejętność pisania i czytania umożliwiała im prowadzenie zajęć dydaktycznych. Artykuł ten traktuje jednak przede wszystkim o materialnych podstawach funkcjonowania organistów. Dzieliły się one na nieruchomości, wynagrodzenia w pieniądzu oraz świadczenia ludności parafialnej. Do tych pierwszych należały domy mieszkalne, budynki gospodarcze, pola, ogrody, sady i łąki. O ile rzadko się zdarzało, żeby organiści nie mieli swoich chałup, o tyle kwestia szerzej pojętego gospodarstwa nie jest już tak oczywista. Przydomowe i niewielkie ogrody oraz sady często bywały w ich rękach, ale większe kompleksy rolne stanowiły rzadkość. Mimo tego zasiewali oni te niewielkie skrawki gruntów zbożami lub warzywami. Parali się także hodowlą zwierząt. Stan techniczny stojących tam budynków również budził wiele zastrzeżeń. Ważne dla organistów okazywały się wpływy pieniężne w postaci stałych rocznych pensji wypłacanych przez rządców parafialnych jednorazowo lub w ratach. Obok tego wynagrodzenia za swoje posługi ministrowie otrzymywali pieniądze od cechów miejskich, bractw religijnych, magistratów oraz mieszkańców parafii. Dodatkowo za np. śpiewanie lub granie w czasie różnych nabożeństw dostawali gratyfikacje od duchownych będących personelem pomocniczym dla plebanów. Ostatnimi były świadczenia uiszczane przez samych wiernych. Zaliczano do nich m.in. akcydensy oraz petyty, tj. snopki zbóż, a także w różnym wymiarze inne daniny zbożowe. Pewne bliżej niesprecyzowane korzyści przynosiły także kolędy, kartkowe, klerykatury oraz tzw. stołowe i quaestus. Pomimo trudności w interpretacji niektórych pojęć związanych z uposażeniem organistów w tego typu źródłach pozostają oni wciąż najlepiej opisaną grupą wśród wszystkich ministrów kościelnych.
The article discusses the emolument of organists in the Roman Catholic parishes of the Diocese of Przemyśl in the middle of the 18th century. The main sources for information about this parish community are the bishop’s visitations. In the paper, we focus primarily on two of them, i.e. those from 1743-1745 and 1753-1757, carried out by the Ordinary of Przemyśl, Wacław Hieronim Sierakowski (1742-1760). Some sources hold that the organists were equated with teachers and vice versa. Their teaching was possible thanks to their ability to write and read. However, this article deals primarily with the material assets of the organists, which were divided into real estate, remuneration in cash and benefits of the parish population. The real estate included residential and farm buildings, as well as fields, gardens, orchards and meadows. While it was rare for organists to not have their own cottages, the issue of the more broadly defined farmland is not so clear. Small gardens and orchards adjacent to homes were commonly found among their property, but larger agricultural complexes were rare. Nevertheless, they sowed these small patches of land with crops or vegetables. They also practised animal husbandry. The condition of the buildings there also raised many concerns. It was important for the organists to receive money in the form of fixed annual salaries, paid by parish governors either as a lump sum or in instalments. In addition to this emolument, ministers received money for their services from city guilds, religious brotherhoods, magistrates and parish residents. They also received gratuities from assistant priests, for example, for singing or playing during various services. The benefits also involved stipends, paid by the faithful. These included akcydensy and petyty, consisting in sheaves of grain, as well as other tributes of various amounts of grain. Some unspecified benefits were also provided in the forms of kolędy, kartkowe, klerykatury, stołowe and quaestus. Despite the difficulties in interpreting some of the terms related to organists’ emoluments that can be found in this type of source, organists remain the best described group among all church ministers.
The article discusses the emolument of organists in the Roman Catholic parishes of the Diocese of Przemyśl in the middle of the 18th century. The main sources for information about this parish community are the bishop’s visitations. In the paper, we focus primarily on two of them, i.e. those from 1743-1745 and 1753-1757, carried out by the Ordinary of Przemyśl, Wacław Hieronim Sierakowski (1742-1760). Some sources hold that the organists were equated with teachers and vice versa. Their teaching was possible thanks to their ability to write and read. However, this article deals primarily with the material assets of the organists, which were divided into real estate, remuneration in cash and benefits of the parish population. The real estate included residential and farm buildings, as well as fields, gardens, orchards and meadows. While it was rare for organists to not have their own cottages, the issue of the more broadly defined farmland is not so clear. Small gardens and orchards adjacent to homes were commonly found among their property, but larger agricultural complexes were rare. Nevertheless, they sowed these small patches of land with crops or vegetables. They also practised animal husbandry. The condition of the buildings there also raised many concerns. It was important for the organists to receive money in the form of fixed annual salaries, paid by parish governors either as a lump sum or in instalments. In addition to this emolument, ministers received money for their services from city guilds, religious brotherhoods, magistrates and parish residents. They also received gratuities from assistant priests, for example, for singing or playing during various services. The benefits also involved stipends, paid by the faithful. These included akcydensy and petyty, consisting in sheaves of grain, as well as other tributes of various amounts of grain. Some unspecified benefits were also provided in the forms of kolędy, kartkowe, klerykatury, stołowe and quaestus. Despite the difficulties in interpreting some of the terms related to organists’ emoluments that can be found in this type of source, organists remain the best described group among all church ministers.
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Keywords
uposażenie, organiści, diecezja przemyska, bp Wacław Hieronim Sierakowski, wizytacja, emolument, organists, Diocese of Przemyśl, Bishop Wacław Hieronim Sierakowski, visitation
Citation
"Archiwa Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne", 2022, Vol. 118, s. 171-200