Pneumatologia wczesnochrześcijańskich pisarzy greckich i łacińskich do końca IV wieku. Rozwój historyczny i oddziaływanie doktryny
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Date
2022-09-19
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Abstract
Pierwsi Ojcowie Kościoła i pisarze wczesnochrześcijańscy, działający przed Soborem Nicejskim (325), starali się ukazać właściwe rozumienie nauczania o Duchu Świętym. W początkowej fazie wspominali tylko Jego osobę, wymieniając Go razem z Ojcem i Synem. Pneumatologia Ojców Kościoła po Soborze Nicejskim nie wchodziła w większe dyskusje, gdyż w dociekaniach teologicznych uwaga skupiona była na Chrystusie. Niemniej jednak podejmowano próby wyjaśnienia, kim jest Duch Święty. Pisarze tego okresu bronili przede wszystkim Jego miejsca w Trójcy. Z kolei nauczanie na temat Ducha Świętego Ojców Kapadockich odegrało ważną rolę w ortodoksyjnym wyjaśnianiu prawd wiary na temat Ducha Świętego. Terminologia, którą się posługiwali, potwierdziła, że jest On równy Ojcu i Synowi. Nauczali, że posiada On naturę Bożą i wszystkie cechy boskości. Pisarze Kościoła Zachodniego natomiast w sposób syntetyczny przedstawiali refleksję teologiczną na temat Ducha Świętego jako Boga. Ukazywali Go jako działającego; jako pierwsi posłużyli się terminem Osoba w odniesieniu do Ducha Świętego (Tertulian). Lektura i analiza Pisma Świętego pozwalała pisarzom wczesnochrześcijańskim stopniowo zgłębiać tajemnice Ducha Świętego, Następowało to jednak powoli, gdyż podejmowanie problematyki pneumatologicznej było trudne, czasem nawet ryzykowane, obarczone niebezpieczeństwem popełnienia błędu.
Reading and analysis of the Holy Scripture allowed the Early Christian writers to gradually deepen the mystery of the Holy Spirit. However, this process was slow, because taking up pneumatological issues was difficult and sometimes even burdened with the risk of making a mistake. The first Christian writers working in the East before the First Council of Nicea (AD 325) tried to reveal the proper understanding of the Holy Spirit, initially just mentioning. Him together with the Father and the Son. They referred to the baptismal formula. Initially, after the First Council of Nicea in the pneumatology of the Church writers of the East no serious changes can be noticed, because the theological inquiries were focused on the person of Christ. However, the attempts to explain who the Holy Spirit has been done. The writers of this period above all were defending His place in the Holy Trinity. The Cappadocian Fathers contributed significantly to the decisive development of orthodox pneumatology. The terminology they used in their writings acknowledged that the Holy Spirit is equal to the Son and to the Father, They taught that He has the nature of God and all features of divinity. On the other hand, the writers of the Western Church presented in a synthetic way theological reflection on the Holy Spirit as God. They presented him as the one who acts, and they first used the term "person" in relation to the Holy Spirit (Tertullian).
Reading and analysis of the Holy Scripture allowed the Early Christian writers to gradually deepen the mystery of the Holy Spirit. However, this process was slow, because taking up pneumatological issues was difficult and sometimes even burdened with the risk of making a mistake. The first Christian writers working in the East before the First Council of Nicea (AD 325) tried to reveal the proper understanding of the Holy Spirit, initially just mentioning. Him together with the Father and the Son. They referred to the baptismal formula. Initially, after the First Council of Nicea in the pneumatology of the Church writers of the East no serious changes can be noticed, because the theological inquiries were focused on the person of Christ. However, the attempts to explain who the Holy Spirit has been done. The writers of this period above all were defending His place in the Holy Trinity. The Cappadocian Fathers contributed significantly to the decisive development of orthodox pneumatology. The terminology they used in their writings acknowledged that the Holy Spirit is equal to the Son and to the Father, They taught that He has the nature of God and all features of divinity. On the other hand, the writers of the Western Church presented in a synthetic way theological reflection on the Holy Spirit as God. They presented him as the one who acts, and they first used the term "person" in relation to the Holy Spirit (Tertullian).
Description
Wydział Teologii, Instytut Nauk Teologicznych; promotor rozprawy doktorskiej: ks. dr hab. Piotr Szczur
Keywords
Duch Święty, Trójca Święta, penumatologia, patrologia, aspekty trynitarne, Holy Spirit, The Holy Trinity, pneumatology, patrology, trinitarian aspects