Bogarodzica Dziewica w tajemnicy Chrystusa i Kościoła w świetle potrydenckiego Officium parvum Beatae Mariae Virginis
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Date
2012
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Wydział Teologiczny Uniwersytetu Opolskiego
Abstract
Kult Najświętszej Maryi Panny, Matki Zbawiciela, od początku istnienia wspólnoty Kościoła zajmował ważne miejsce w liturgii. Od czasów apostolskich zwracano uwagę, że cały Kościół trwa "jednomyślnie na modlitwie razem z niewiastami, Maryją, matką Jezusa, i Jego braćmi" (Dz 1, 14). Trwanie na modlitwie wraz z Maryją przybierało w ciągu wieków różne formy liturgiczne i pozaliturgiczne, wspólnotowe i indywidualne, eklezjalne i typowo ludowe. Były one formą oddawania czci względem Bogarodzicy, jak też wyrażaniem swoich uczuć. Ponieważ nie wszystkie formy były zgodne z nauką Kościoła, a niektóre były poddane ostrej krytyce ze strony przeciwników, dlatego oddawaniu czci maryjnej towarzyszyła refleksja teologiczna, mająca na celu ukazanie we właściwym świetle historiozbawczym miejsca i roli Maryi.
W Kościele Zachodnim, od doby średniowiecza, znaną formą kultu maryjnego były tzw. małe oficja i godzinki odmawiane zarówno po łacinie, jak też w językach narodowych. Wzorcem dla nich było Officium parvum Beatae Mariae Virginis, które w różnych formach przeżywało renesans po Soborze Trydenckim. W perspektywie historii liturgii interesującym zagadnieniem pozostaje poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytania: w jaki sposób ukazana jest Maryja w dziele zbawczym Pana w tekstach liturgicznych tego oficjum i jak ta forma modlitwy kształtowała przez pokolenia postawę maryjną chrześcijan. Teksty liturgiczne zatwierdzone przez papieża Piusa V w 1571 r. wprawdzie częściowo były znane z innych oficjów, ale tworzyły sekwencje tekstów, które pozwalają ukazać we właściwym świetle, bez fałszywej przesady, miejsce i rolę Bogarodzicy Dziewicy w tajemnicy Chrystusa i Kościoła.
Przywileje, tytuły i dary Maryi Panny mają swoje odniesienie historiozbawcze, gdzie fundamentem jest Jej dziewicze macierzyństwo. Podobnie tytuły dotyczące dziewictwa Maryi podkreślają Jej godność, gdyż Ona jako jedyna, łaskawa i zawsze Dziewica odbiera należną cześć w liturgii Kościoła. Oddzielnym zagadnieniem przedstawiającym tajemnicę Maryi jest ukazanie jej osoby w świetle metafor starotestamentalnych. Porównanie Maryi do Mądrości opisane w sposób plastyczny w Księdze Syracha pozwalało wychwalać Jej piękno i wybranie. Historiozbawcze ujęcie tajemnicy Maryi wskazuje natomiast na jej macierzyństwo nie tylko w odniesieniu do Jezusa, ale również w relacji do Mistycznego Ciała Chrystusa. Maryja Wniebowzięta, której towarzyszą tytuły Orędowniczka, Pośredniczka, Królowa, jest znakiem i nadzieją Kościoła. Teksty potrydenckiego Officium parvum Beatae Mariae Virginis kształtowały właściwą postawę kultu maryjnego wiernych, ukazując przywileje Bogarodzicy, Jej godność, relacje do Osób Trójcy Świętej w całej perspektywie historiozbawczej od Protoewangelii z Księgi Rodzaju, której kulminacją było Wcielenie.
The cult of Blessed Virgin Mary, the Mother of the Saviour, held an important place in the liturgy from the beginning of the community of the Church. Since apostolic times it has been pinpointed that the entire Church joined together constantly in prayer, along with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brother (Acts 1:14). Over the centuries perseverance in prayer with Mary has taken on various liturgical and non-liturgical forms, community and individual forms as well as ecclesial and typically folk forms. They were a form of worship of the Mother of God as well as the expression of their feelings. Since not all forms of expression were consistent with the teaching of the Church or they led their opponents to strong criticism, the Marian worship was accompanied by a theological reflection aimed at the definition of the place and role of Mary in the right historically redemptive light. Since the Middle Ages, so-called small officia and matins recited both in Latin and in the vernacular languages were a well-known form of Marian devotion in the Western Church. Officium parvum Beatae Mariae Virginis, which in various forms experienced a renaissance after the Council of Trent, was a model for them. In the history of the liturgy the search for the answers to the following questions remains interesting: how Mary is portrayed in the work of Lord’s salvation in the liturgical texts of this Officium and how this form of prayer has shaped over generations the Marian attitude among the Christians. Although liturgical texts approved by Pope Pius V in 1571 were partly known from other officia, they formed a sequence of texts that present the place and role of the Virgin Mother of God in the mystery of Christ and the Church in the right light and without false exaggeration. Privileges, titles and gifts of the Virgin Mary have their historically redemptive reference, where Her virginal motherhood is the foundation. Similarly, Mary’s titles concerning her virginity emphasise Her dignity because as the only one, famous and always a Virgin she receives due worship in the liturgy of the Church. The presentation of the person of Mary in the light of Old Testament metaphors is a separate issue showing Her mystery. Comparing Mary to the Wisdom as described in the Book of Sirach allowed to praise Her beauty and choice. However, the historically redemptive depiction of the mystery of Mary points to her motherhood not only in relation to Jesus, but also in relation to the Mystical Body of Christ Our Lady of the Assumption accompanied by such titles as Advocate, Intercessor, Queen, is a sign and hope of the Church. Post-Trent texts of Officium parvum Beatae Mariae Virginis developed the proper attitude of Marian devotion held by the faithful, showing the privileges of the Mother of God, Her dignity, relationship to the Persons of the Holy Trinity in the whole historically redemptive perspective since the Protoevangelium of Genesis culminating in the Incarnation.
The cult of Blessed Virgin Mary, the Mother of the Saviour, held an important place in the liturgy from the beginning of the community of the Church. Since apostolic times it has been pinpointed that the entire Church joined together constantly in prayer, along with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brother (Acts 1:14). Over the centuries perseverance in prayer with Mary has taken on various liturgical and non-liturgical forms, community and individual forms as well as ecclesial and typically folk forms. They were a form of worship of the Mother of God as well as the expression of their feelings. Since not all forms of expression were consistent with the teaching of the Church or they led their opponents to strong criticism, the Marian worship was accompanied by a theological reflection aimed at the definition of the place and role of Mary in the right historically redemptive light. Since the Middle Ages, so-called small officia and matins recited both in Latin and in the vernacular languages were a well-known form of Marian devotion in the Western Church. Officium parvum Beatae Mariae Virginis, which in various forms experienced a renaissance after the Council of Trent, was a model for them. In the history of the liturgy the search for the answers to the following questions remains interesting: how Mary is portrayed in the work of Lord’s salvation in the liturgical texts of this Officium and how this form of prayer has shaped over generations the Marian attitude among the Christians. Although liturgical texts approved by Pope Pius V in 1571 were partly known from other officia, they formed a sequence of texts that present the place and role of the Virgin Mother of God in the mystery of Christ and the Church in the right light and without false exaggeration. Privileges, titles and gifts of the Virgin Mary have their historically redemptive reference, where Her virginal motherhood is the foundation. Similarly, Mary’s titles concerning her virginity emphasise Her dignity because as the only one, famous and always a Virgin she receives due worship in the liturgy of the Church. The presentation of the person of Mary in the light of Old Testament metaphors is a separate issue showing Her mystery. Comparing Mary to the Wisdom as described in the Book of Sirach allowed to praise Her beauty and choice. However, the historically redemptive depiction of the mystery of Mary points to her motherhood not only in relation to Jesus, but also in relation to the Mystical Body of Christ Our Lady of the Assumption accompanied by such titles as Advocate, Intercessor, Queen, is a sign and hope of the Church. Post-Trent texts of Officium parvum Beatae Mariae Virginis developed the proper attitude of Marian devotion held by the faithful, showing the privileges of the Mother of God, Her dignity, relationship to the Persons of the Holy Trinity in the whole historically redemptive perspective since the Protoevangelium of Genesis culminating in the Incarnation.
Description
Historia Liturgii
Keywords
Sobór Trydencki, Officium parvum, kult Najświętszej Maryi Panny, liturgia, Council of Trent, Officium parvum, worship of the Blessed Virgin Mary, liturgy
Citation
"Liturgia Sacra", 2012, R. 18, nr 2, s. 399-425