Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne, 2012, T. 97
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- ItemTroska biskupów kujawsko-kaliskich o Jasną Górę w okresie po Powstaniu Styczniowym (1864-1914)(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2012) Czaplicki, BronisławThe author presents the issue of the relationships of the bishops from the Diocese of Kujawy-Kalisz to Jasna Góra in the period after the January Uprising. Negative opinions spread about these bishops were the inspiration for this research. This study was based on a critical use of sources, which are in the Russian State Historical Archive in St. Petersburg, the Archive of Jasna Góra, the Diocesan Archive in Włocławek and the State Archive in Częstochowa. The author attempted to present the situation of the bishops constrained by the requirements of the Russian state law. This law was formulated in such a way as to enslave the hierarchy of the Catholic Church and lead to the extinction of the monastic life. The Pauline monastery was threatened not only by the destructive actions of the Russian authorities but also by deepening internal crisis, which was used by the mentioned authorities. The Jasna Góra Monastery survived and was able to revive after the collapse of the tsarist rule in Częstochowa. Credit for this revival, in large part, goes to the rulers of the Diocese of Kujawy-Kalisz, who defended the monastery and at the same time tried to influence its spiritual rebirth.
- ItemKościół w Polsce represjonowany przez władze komunistyczne w latach 1944-1989(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2012) Dębiński, JózefAfter the Second World War, Poland underwent the process of Sovietisation. The entire activity of the new authority was confined to the collectivization of agriculture and the fight with the Church. It is true that in the years 1944-1947 the authorities adopted a relatively liberal policy towards the Church, which did not exclude, however, repression against clandestine activities of the clergy, and even assassinations. Soon, an open dispute arose between the authorities and the Episcopate, which was caused, among other things, by the cancellation of the concordat, the decree establishing the obligation of civil marriages and authorities’ interference in the church administration on the Recovered Territories (Western and Northern part of Poland). The communist authorities denounced the Catholic clergy for pathological hostility towards communism and post-war reality. Without good reason, they accused the Church of using the pulpit and confessional in this fight and supporting anti-communist underground. The period of severe repression against the Church lasted in the years 1948-1955 . It was the period of arrests, trials and bishops’ removal from their dioceses. To fight with the Church, the authorities created a separate Department IV in the Ministry of Home Affairs, whose structure survived until the fall of the Communism. The whole clergy was under control. Their activities were documented in the fi les of the operational records; from 1963 each clerical student joining the seminary had his file. The authorities also restricted the activities of the Catholic University of Lublin and created the Academy of Catholic Theology from the departments in Krakow and Warsaw. In addition, seminarists were obliged to do military service, the aim of which was to disorganize the teaching at the seminary. To settle the conflict in relations between the state and the Church, the Mixed Commission was established at the initiative of. Its purpose was to resolve conflict issues. In fact, despite the signed agreement, the communist authorities did not keep their commitments from the beginning. They started subversive activities in the Church, forming the movement of the “patriotic priests” attached to The Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy. They were given, among other things, the stolen property of the charitable church organization “Caritas”. Throughout the whole period of the Communism in Poland (1944-1989) the authorities used repression against 704 diocesan priests and 211 monks. Repressive measures of the Communists against the Church, which lasted from the end of the Second World War to 1989, are part of the martyrdom of the Catholic Church in the 20th century. In the following years only the methods and means changed in the fight with the Church, the essence remained always the same-to remove religion from public life.
- ItemAkta wizytacyjne w strukturze zasobów historycznych archiwów diecezjalnych w Polsce(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2012) Dębowska, MariaThe following paper suggests that the visitation records of churches and parishes from the Old Polish period be held in the structure of the fonds of diocesan historical archives (storing). This issue is omitted both in theory and practice of diocesan archives in Poland due to difficulties (or, as many claim-impossibility) in applying the principle of provenance to the production of the episcopal chancery during the period of functioning the book of inscriptions. So far, only the Rev. Stanisław Librowski has suggested the project to solve this problem. This project, however, does not fully respect, acknowledged in the archival science, the principle of provenance.
- ItemOrganizacja administracji państwa zakonnego w Prusach do końca XIII wieku(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2012) Grala, TomaszFormed during the crusading movement, the Teutonic Knights developed the internal structures in the Holy Land after the act of 1198, structures which survived several centuries and proved to be very useful in the process of building their own state in Prussia. The following work briefly presents the offices of the deputy of the Grandmaster and the chief of military affairs, the official responsible for all hospital affairs, the official responsible for dressing and armament, the treasurer and the castellan. All these officials, except for the castellan, formed the group of the great nobles in Prussia from the 14th century. The increase in property outside the Holy Land contributed to the vertical power structure. A pioneering period in the history of the Teutonic Knights ended during the reign of Grand Master Hermann von Salza; then a new period of building their own state on the Baltic began. Equipped with the imperial privilege, the Teutonic Knights came to the Vistula, where they received from Konrad Mazowiecki in 1230 the privilege conferring the land of Chełmn on them, the land which was the territorial base of their future activity in Prussia. Since then, supported by the knights from western Europe and Germany, they systematically had been conquering Prussia. In the early period of the conquest Polish dukes also helped them. The Teutonic Knights were the winners in the dispute with the Bishop of Prussia, Christian. After suppressing two Prussian uprisings and conquering the land of Jaćwież, the Teutonic Order reached the line of the Niemen and strengthened its reign in the whole Prussia. The organization of the formed religious state was of monarchical type. Dualistic, that is, theocratic and feudal character of the state affected administrative divisions introduced by the Knights. They built well-functioning administration, whose characteristic feature was the division into commandries. Although the number of commandries was not steady and the range of their influence would change, generally the primary administrative divisions survived until the fall of the monastic state in Prussia. Among the source material used in this work the chronicles included in Scriptores Rerum Prusicarum are of the basic importance. These chronicles are as follows: The Prussian Chronicle by Peter of Dusburg, The Chronicle of Oliwa by Abbot Stanislaus. In addition, the author used works by German and Polish historians such as: the works of Gerard Labuda, Marian Biskup, Sławomir Jóźwiak, the collective work edited by Zenon Hubert Nowak, S. Kujot, Hartmut Boockmann, Udo Arnold. The full list of the used sources and literature is in the footnotes.
- ItemWizytacje kościelne w zasobie archiwów państwowych(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2012) Krochmal, JacekArchive material of church provenance is stored, among others, in Polish state archives. Large collection of visitations are in state archives in Lublin, Przemyśl and the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw. A large collection of Uniate visitations (Greek Catholic) stored in the State Archive of Lublin is in the fonds of Greek Catholic Consistory of Chełm (1596-1875). The fond includes directives of Uniate Bishops of Chełm on how to conduct visitations, general visitation of the diocese, visitations of deaneries and individual Uniate churches from the Diocese of Chełm (1715-1815, 1869-1870), Włodzimierz (1725-1727, 1757, 1774-1801), [Polish] Połock (1789-1790) and the Deanery of Bóbrka in the Diocese of Lviv from 1764. Historical Archive of the Orthodox and later Greek Catholic Bishopric of Przemyśl from the years 1291-1946 (the fond of the Archive of Greek Catholic Bishopric of Przemyśl) is in the State Archive in Przemyśl. There are visitations of 49 deaneries (1738-1939) and individual Uniate churches (1753-1912) from the Uniate Diocese of Przemyśl. In addition, the State Archive in Przemyśl (the fond of the Seniority of Central Galicia in Brygidau) includes visitation protocols of churches and evangelical schools from the years 1903-1910. Visitations of Roman Catholic churches and monasteries are also stored in the Central Archives of Historical Records (in the fonds of the Central Religious Authorities of Kingdom of Poland). This archive also includes the visitations of the Collegiate of Łęczyca (1810-1811), the monastery of Canons Regular in Warsaw (1767–1816), the general visitation of the Archdiocese of Warsaw (1859-1860) and visitations of the Augustian monasteries in Ciechanów, Kraków, Krasnystaw, Książ Wielki, Lublin, Orchówek, Rawa, Warsaw and Wieluń (1841-1863); and in the fond of the Orthodox Consistory of Warsaw there is a fragment of the visitation of the Orthodox Eparchy of Warsaw from 1908.