Początki parafii i najstarszy kościół w mieście Olsztynku (Olsztynie)
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Date
2022
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Wydawnictwo KUL
Abstract
Przedmiotem artykułu są okoliczności powstania parafii w mieście Olsztynku (obecnie Olsztyn) w ziemi krakowskiej i wybudowania tam kościoła. Teren pod nową parafię był położony w diecezji krakowskiej, ale należał do parafii klasztornej w Mstowie, której kościół podlegał zwierzchnictwu ordynariuszy gnieźnieńskich. Nowa parafia została utworzona w wyniku wydzielenia jej z obszaru parafii mstowskiej. Starania o powołanie parafii podjął osobiście Jan Ocieski, podkanclerzy Królestwa Polskiego, a od 1551 roku starosta olsztyński. Jednym z powodów jego decyzji był zamiar przyśpieszenia formowania się miasta. Zmiany przeprowadzono za zgodą króla Zygmunta Augusta. Wszystkie uzgodnienia odnośnie do powołania parafii odbyły się prawdopodobnie na sejmie w Piotrkowie w lutym 1552 roku. Spotkali się tam wszyscy, którzy mieli wpływ na tę decyzję. Formalnie parafia została utworzona na mocy dokumentu arcybiskupa gnieźnieńskiego Mikołaja Dzierzgowskiego z 1552 roku. Przyłączono do niej trzy wsie królewskie sąsiadujące z miastem. W erekcji olsztyńskiej parafii widać efekt kompromisu. W zamian za wyłączenie części obszaru z parafii mstowskiej przekazano zakonnikom patronat nad kościołem, z którego ustąpił król, będący właścicielem miasta. Prawo prezenty zostało ograniczone do jednego z braci konwentu. Faktycznie powstała więc parafia filialna klasztoru mstowskiego. Arcybiskup gnieźnieński pomimo formalnego zatwierdzenia erekcji nie rościł sobie praw do zwierzchnictwa nad nową parafią. Metropolici gnieźnieńscy respektowali jurysdykcję biskupów krakowskich nad terenem olsztyńskiej parafii. Nie można z pewnością stwierdzić, kiedy powstał najstarszy kościół w Olsztynku. Zezwolenie na wybudowanie go znalazło się w dokumencie lokacyjnym miasta z 1488 roku. Nie ma podstaw do uznania, że powstał on przed formalną erekcją parafii. Tradycja przypisuje tę fundację kanclerzowi Janowi Ocieskiemu. Do jego imienia nawiązuje prawdopodobnie wezwanie świątyni. Budowę kościoła w Olsztynku rozpoczęto prawdopodobnie po 26 lutego 1552 roku. Pierwotny kościół uległ zniszczeniu przed 1598 rokiem.
The article covers the circumstances of the establishment of a parish in the city of Olsztynek (now Olsztyn) in the Kraków Land and the construction of a church in that town. The area for the new parish was located in the Diocese of Kraków, but belonged to the monastic parish of Mstów, whose church was under the authority of the Ordinariate of Gniezno. The new parish was created through its separation from the area of the Mstów parish. Efforts to establish the parish were personally undertaken by Jan Ocieski, sub-chancellor of the Kingdom of Poland and from 1551 starost of Olsztyn. One of the reasons for his decision was his intention to accelerate the formation of the township. The changes were carried out with the approval of King Sigmund Augustus. All arrangements for the establishment of the parish probably took place at the Diet of Piotrków in February 1552, in the presence of all the relevant decision-makers. Formally, the parish was created by a document of the Archbishop of Gniezno Mikołaj Dzierzgowski in 1552. Three royal villages adjacent to the city were annexed to it. The establishment of the Olsztyn parish shows the effect of a compromise. In exchange for the exclusion of its area from the parish of Mstów, the monks were granted patronage of the church in place of the king, who owned the town. The right of presentation was restricted to one of the brothers of the convent. Consequently, the established institution was in fact a branch parish of the Mstów monastery. Despite formally approving the erection, the Archbishop of Gniezno did not claim sovereignty over the new parish. The Metropolitans of Gniezno respected the jurisdiction of the Bishops of Kraków over the Olsztyn parish area. It is impossible to say with certainty when the oldest church in Olsztynek was built. The permission for its erection was included in the town’s incorporation document of 1488. There is no reason to believe that it was built before the formal establishment of the parish. Tradition attributes this foundation to Chancellor Jan Ocieski. His name is probably referred to by the temple’s invocation. The construction of the Olsztynek church probably began after 26 February 1552. The original church was destroyed before 1598.
The article covers the circumstances of the establishment of a parish in the city of Olsztynek (now Olsztyn) in the Kraków Land and the construction of a church in that town. The area for the new parish was located in the Diocese of Kraków, but belonged to the monastic parish of Mstów, whose church was under the authority of the Ordinariate of Gniezno. The new parish was created through its separation from the area of the Mstów parish. Efforts to establish the parish were personally undertaken by Jan Ocieski, sub-chancellor of the Kingdom of Poland and from 1551 starost of Olsztyn. One of the reasons for his decision was his intention to accelerate the formation of the township. The changes were carried out with the approval of King Sigmund Augustus. All arrangements for the establishment of the parish probably took place at the Diet of Piotrków in February 1552, in the presence of all the relevant decision-makers. Formally, the parish was created by a document of the Archbishop of Gniezno Mikołaj Dzierzgowski in 1552. Three royal villages adjacent to the city were annexed to it. The establishment of the Olsztyn parish shows the effect of a compromise. In exchange for the exclusion of its area from the parish of Mstów, the monks were granted patronage of the church in place of the king, who owned the town. The right of presentation was restricted to one of the brothers of the convent. Consequently, the established institution was in fact a branch parish of the Mstów monastery. Despite formally approving the erection, the Archbishop of Gniezno did not claim sovereignty over the new parish. The Metropolitans of Gniezno respected the jurisdiction of the Bishops of Kraków over the Olsztyn parish area. It is impossible to say with certainty when the oldest church in Olsztynek was built. The permission for its erection was included in the town’s incorporation document of 1488. There is no reason to believe that it was built before the formal establishment of the parish. Tradition attributes this foundation to Chancellor Jan Ocieski. His name is probably referred to by the temple’s invocation. The construction of the Olsztynek church probably began after 26 February 1552. The original church was destroyed before 1598.
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Keywords
Olsztyn, Mstów, parafia, patronat klasztorny, dokument erekcyjny, parish, monastic patronage, erection document
Citation
"Archiwa Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne", 2022, Vol. 119, s. 313-345