Homoseksualność według starożytnych Greków
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Date
2021
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Wydawnictwo KUL
Abstract
Artykuł przedstawia problem homoseksualności w starożytnej Grecji. Paiderastia jako relacja między dorosłym mężczyzną i chłopcem to szczególny element wychowania. Niekiedy wiąże się z opresją seksualną i natarczywością właściwą społeczeństwu patriarchalnemu. Relacje homoseksualne między rówieśnikami i dorosłymi były znane i akceptowane, o ile nie przekraczały ustalonych przez polis zasad. Nie mogły naruszać cnoty umiaru oraz sprowadzać mężczyzn do roli przypisywanej kobietom, a partner bierny nie mógł odczuwać przyjemności z seksualnej relacji. Kobiety nie mogły przejmować roli męskiej, gdyż oznaczałoby to osiąganie przyjemności właściwej mężczyznom. Przyczyn homoseksualizmu doszukiwano się w pozytywnej woli boga, tłumacząc ją jako pragnienie zjednoczenia się także z tym, co podobne, a także w naturze i wychowaniu, a później w fizjologii człowieka.
The article presents the issue of homosexuality in Ancient Greece. Pederasty as a relationship between an adult male and a boy was a special part of mentoring. It is sometimes associated with the sexual oppression and intrusiveness relevant to a patriarchal society. Homosexual relations between peers and adults were known and accepted as long as they did not exceed the rules set by the polis. They could not violate the virtue of moderation and reduce men to the role ascribed to women, and the passive partner did not experience pleasure in the sexual relationship. Women could not take on the male role because it would mean achieving the pleasure inherent in men. The causes of homosexuality were sought in the positive will of god, explaining it as a desire to unite also with what is similar, as well as in nature and upbringing, and later in human physiology.
The article presents the issue of homosexuality in Ancient Greece. Pederasty as a relationship between an adult male and a boy was a special part of mentoring. It is sometimes associated with the sexual oppression and intrusiveness relevant to a patriarchal society. Homosexual relations between peers and adults were known and accepted as long as they did not exceed the rules set by the polis. They could not violate the virtue of moderation and reduce men to the role ascribed to women, and the passive partner did not experience pleasure in the sexual relationship. Women could not take on the male role because it would mean achieving the pleasure inherent in men. The causes of homosexuality were sought in the positive will of god, explaining it as a desire to unite also with what is similar, as well as in nature and upbringing, and later in human physiology.
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Keywords
homoseksualizm, tradycja, starożytna Grecja, Platon, Arystoteles, Plutarch, gender, miłość, homosexuality, ancient Greece, polis, sex, paideia, pederasty, Sappho, Alcman, Anacreon, Aristophanes, Plato, Xenophon, Aristotle, Theocritus
Citation
"Verbum Vitae", 2021, T. 39, nr 1, s. 75-95