Dokumenty i dyplomy klasztoru klarysek w Gnieźnie. Sposoby uwierzytelniania dokumentów w praktyce kancelaryjnej konwentu św. Klary. Inwentarz
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Date
2021
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Wydawnictwo KUL
Abstract
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja oraz analiza oryginalnych akt i dyplomów pergaminowych klarysek gnieźnieńskich znajdujących się w zasobie Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie pod kątem praktyki kancelaryjnej wypracowanej przez stulecia w klasztorze. Przedmiotem zainteresowania był także sposób uwierzytelniania dokumentów oraz problematyka piśmienności samych zakonnic. Kwerendą objęto dyplomy pergaminowe ze zbioru Dyplomy Gnieźnieńskie oraz dokumenty pomieszczone w zespole Akta Kapituły Metropolitalnej seria Luzy Zakon Klarysek (A Cap. Luzy O 14-52). To ponad 2500 jednostek i ponad 4000 kart. Wyselekcjonowano 161 oryginałów, w tym 3 dyplomy pergaminowe. Wszystkie zostały umieszczone w Aneksie do artykułu. Dokumenty były uwierzytelniane podpisami i/lub odbiciem tłoka pieczętnego przez papier lub na papierze. Zachowały się dwa typy – jeden o kształcie ostroowalnym, wskazujący na jego średniowieczną proweniencję, analogiczny do znanych z publikacji tłoków pieczętnych innych klasztorów żeńskich, m.in. klarysek w Skale i Krakowie. Drugi typ to tłok okrągły, który zaczął być stosowany na dokumentach wspólnoty od drugiej dekady XVIII stulecia. Językiem dominującym dokumentów jest polski, ponadto zdarzają się pojedyncze akta sporządzone w języku łacińskim – to głównie listy do osób duchownych, rzadziej świeckich. Wyróżniono 8 rzeczowych kategorii akt: kontrakty, które stanowią największą część zbioru – 77, ugody – 25, nadania – 16, listy – 11, potwierdzenia – 8, poświadczenia – 7, zezwolenia – 7 oraz inne – 10. Zostały one uwierzytelnione przez 31 ksień. Jak wynika z analizy duktów pisma, dwie przełożone z XVII stulecia przygotowały pojedyncze akta własnoręcznie. Natomiast z kolejnego stulecia pochodzi siedem takich przykładów, w XIX wieku zaś ksieni sporządziła jeden dokument. W XVIII wieku niektóre dokumenty wystawiła też siostra sprawująca urząd sekretarki, a w jednym przypadku dukt pisma wskazuje na szeregową zakonnicę (1762). Należy przypuszczać, że większość dokumentów wspólnoty przygotowywali pisarze publiczni bądź urzędnicy klasztoru, np. prokuratorzy dóbr lub też franciszkanie z pobliskiego konwentu gnieźnieńskiego, z którymi klaryski były w dobrych relacjach, jak wynika z treści akt i klasztoru i prowincji.
The aim of this article is to present and analyse the original files and parchment diplomas of the Poor Clares of Gniezno as regards office practice, including the methods of authenticating documents in the monastery and the degree of literacy of the nuns themselves. The documents are held by the Archdiocese Archives in Gniezno. The material and topical division of archives was also presented. The query covered parchment diplomas from the Gniezno Diplomas collection and documents from loose files kept in the AKM – A Cap section. The loose files - are over 2,500 units and over 4,000 cards. 161 originals were selected, including three parchment diplomas. All of them are included in the Appendix. Documents were authenticated by signatures and/or stamping a seal by paper or on paper. Two types have survived – one with a pointed-oval shape, indicating the medieval provenance of the seal, which has analogies to the well-known stamps of other female monasteries, e.g. Poor Clares in Skala and Cracow. The second type is a round stamp that began to appear on documents from the second decade of the 18th century. The dominant language is Polish, moreover, there are individual files writ-ten in Latin – mainly letters to clergy, but also to laypeople. Eight material categories were distinguished: contracts – the largest part of the collection – 77, settlements – 25, postings – 16, letters – 11, confirmations – 8, certificates – 7, permits – 7, others – 10. They were authenticated by 31 abbesses. In the 17th century, two superiors prepared individual files themselves, because we are dealing with the identification of hands thanks to their signatures. On the other hand, there are seven such cases in the next century, and one in the 19th century. In addition, two documents were prepared by a sister who served as a secretary in the first half of the 18th century, and one by a regular nun in 1762. It should be assumed that the remaining documents came from the hand of public writers, prosecutors of the monastery of the Poor Clares or Franciscans from the nearby Gniezno convent, with which the sisters maintained – as is clear from the records of monastics and provinces – good relations.
The aim of this article is to present and analyse the original files and parchment diplomas of the Poor Clares of Gniezno as regards office practice, including the methods of authenticating documents in the monastery and the degree of literacy of the nuns themselves. The documents are held by the Archdiocese Archives in Gniezno. The material and topical division of archives was also presented. The query covered parchment diplomas from the Gniezno Diplomas collection and documents from loose files kept in the AKM – A Cap section. The loose files - are over 2,500 units and over 4,000 cards. 161 originals were selected, including three parchment diplomas. All of them are included in the Appendix. Documents were authenticated by signatures and/or stamping a seal by paper or on paper. Two types have survived – one with a pointed-oval shape, indicating the medieval provenance of the seal, which has analogies to the well-known stamps of other female monasteries, e.g. Poor Clares in Skala and Cracow. The second type is a round stamp that began to appear on documents from the second decade of the 18th century. The dominant language is Polish, moreover, there are individual files writ-ten in Latin – mainly letters to clergy, but also to laypeople. Eight material categories were distinguished: contracts – the largest part of the collection – 77, settlements – 25, postings – 16, letters – 11, confirmations – 8, certificates – 7, permits – 7, others – 10. They were authenticated by 31 abbesses. In the 17th century, two superiors prepared individual files themselves, because we are dealing with the identification of hands thanks to their signatures. On the other hand, there are seven such cases in the next century, and one in the 19th century. In addition, two documents were prepared by a sister who served as a secretary in the first half of the 18th century, and one by a regular nun in 1762. It should be assumed that the remaining documents came from the hand of public writers, prosecutors of the monastery of the Poor Clares or Franciscans from the nearby Gniezno convent, with which the sisters maintained – as is clear from the records of monastics and provinces – good relations.
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Keywords
klaryski, Gniezno, pergaminy, dyplomy, dokumentacja, archiwalia, Poor Clares, parchments, diplomas, documentation, inventory, archives
Citation
"Archiwa, Biblioteki I Muzea Kościelne" 2021, T. 115, s. 359-418