O początkach żyrowickiego sanktuarium
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Date
2022
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Wydawnictwo KUL
Abstract
Żyrowice – największe sanktuarium na Białorusi było tematem licznych publikacji i opracowań. Żyrowicki ośrodek kultowy był znany już w końcu XV stulecia na terenie Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Do cudownej ikony Matki Bożej przybywali wierni różnych wyznań (prawosławni, później unici, rzymscy katolicy, a nawet protestanci). Szukanie pomocy i pocieszenia ściągało do Cerkwi i monasteru żyrowickiego panujących, książęta, magnatów, szlachtę, duchownych, mieszczan i chłopów. Ikona Matki Bożej była tak samo czczona w okresie przynależności państwowej tego ośrodka do Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, Rzeczypospolitej, Rosji, II Rzeczypospolitej i Białorusi. To wyjątkowe miejsce, wybrane przez Najświętszą Marię Pannę, utkwiło głęboko w świadomości religijnej wielu narodów, ale przede wszystkim Białorusinów. Artykuł przedstawia najstarsze relacje o objawieniu Matki Bożej Żyrowickiej; omówiono w nim również sposób przedstawienia owego wydarzenia w różnych okresach. Autor dokonał krytycznej prezentacji znanych i nieznanych źródeł do dziejów żyrowickiego sanktuarium. W kolejnej części artykułu skoncentrował się na problematyce przynależności Żyrowic do Aleksandra Sołtana w 1470 roku i możliwości objawienia się Maryi w tym roku w jego obecności. Ten fragment opracowania stanowi polemikę z dotychczasowymi ustaleniami oraz podaje najbardziej wiarygodny opis wydarzeń związanych z objawieniem się Najświętszej Maryi Panny w wizerunku żyrowickim i z powstaniem monasteru.
Zhyrovichi Temple, the largest shrine in Belarus, has been the subject of numerous publications and studies. The Zhyrovichi cult centre was known as early as the end of the 15th century, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Believers of various faiths (Orthodox, later Uniates, Roman Catholics and even Protestants) flocked to the miraculous icon of the Mother of God. Seeking help and consolation, rulers, princes, magnates, nobles, clergy, townspeople and peasants were drawn to the Zhyrovichy Orthodox Church and Monastery. The icon of the Mother of God was venerated in the same way during the period of the centre’s state affiliation with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Republic of Poland, Russia, the Second Republic of Poland and Belarus. This unique place, chosen by the Blessed Virgin Mary, has remained deeply rooted in the religious consciousness of many nations, but especially among Belarusians. The article presents the oldest accounts of the apparition of Our Lady of Zhyrovichi; it also discusses how the event was depicted in different periods. The author has made a critical presentation of known and unknown sources for the history of the Zhyrovichi shrine. In the next part of the article, he focused on the issue of the affiliation of Zhyrovichi with Aleksander Sołtan in 1470 and the possibility of Mary’s apparition in his presence that year. This part of the study polemicizes with previous findings and provides the most reliable description of the events surrounding the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Zhyrovichi Picture and the establishment of the monastery.
Zhyrovichi Temple, the largest shrine in Belarus, has been the subject of numerous publications and studies. The Zhyrovichi cult centre was known as early as the end of the 15th century, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Believers of various faiths (Orthodox, later Uniates, Roman Catholics and even Protestants) flocked to the miraculous icon of the Mother of God. Seeking help and consolation, rulers, princes, magnates, nobles, clergy, townspeople and peasants were drawn to the Zhyrovichy Orthodox Church and Monastery. The icon of the Mother of God was venerated in the same way during the period of the centre’s state affiliation with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Republic of Poland, Russia, the Second Republic of Poland and Belarus. This unique place, chosen by the Blessed Virgin Mary, has remained deeply rooted in the religious consciousness of many nations, but especially among Belarusians. The article presents the oldest accounts of the apparition of Our Lady of Zhyrovichi; it also discusses how the event was depicted in different periods. The author has made a critical presentation of known and unknown sources for the history of the Zhyrovichi shrine. In the next part of the article, he focused on the issue of the affiliation of Zhyrovichi with Aleksander Sołtan in 1470 and the possibility of Mary’s apparition in his presence that year. This part of the study polemicizes with previous findings and provides the most reliable description of the events surrounding the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Zhyrovichi Picture and the establishment of the monastery.
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Keywords
monaster żyrowicki, ikona Matki Bożej Żyrowickiej, Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie, Aleksander Sołtan, Zhyrovichi monastery, icon of Our Lady of Zhirovichi, Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Citation
"Archiwa Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne", 2022, Vol. 119, s. 281-311