Rzymskie Archiwum Towarzystwa Jezusowego: geneza, zasób i funkcjonowanie
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Date
2022
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Wydawnictwo KUL
Abstract
Rzymskie Archiwum Towarzystwa Jezusowego (Archiwum Romanum Societatis Jesu), jest głównym (centralnym) archiwum jezuitów. Znajduje się przy kurii generalnej zakonu, a jego zadaniem jest gromadzenie, porządkowanie i udostępnianie badaczom zbioru dokumentów z okresu od XVI do XX w. Jest archiwum centralnym w tym znaczeniu, że zawiera dokumenty odnoszące się do centralnego zarządu zakonu, nie zaś wszystkie dokumenty dotyczące jezuitów z każdej epoki i z każdego kraju. Od roku 1541 do 1773 mieściło się w domu przy kościele del Gesù, gdzie pozostało również po kasacie zakonu, choć niestabilność ówczesnej sytuacji doprowadziła do zaginięcia wielu dokumentów. W 1873 r. jezuici musieli opuścić Rzym ze względu na politykę władz włoskich. Kuria generalna przeniosła się do Fiesole koło Florencji, gdzie pozostała do 1895 r., zaś archiwum zostało najpierw ukryte, po czym wysłane w sekrecie do Exaten w Holandii, gdzie niemieccy jezuici mieli swój dom studiów. Pod koniec roku 1893 archiwum znajdowało się w trzech różnych miejscach: zasadnicza jego część była w Holandii, dokumenty nowsze (te z okresu po 1814 r.) w Fiesole, zaś archiwum prokuratora generalnego zakonu, znajdujące się w 1870 r. w jezuickim Collegium Romanum, zostało wraz z biblioteką tej uczelni skonfiskowane przez rząd włoski. Księgozbiór ten stał się zaczątkiem dzisiejszej Biblioteki Narodowej Vittorio Emmanuele II w Rzymie. Wspomniane archiwalia powróciły do swoich właścicieli w 1924 r. Po powrocie kurii generalnej do Rzymu (1895) oraz archiwaliów z Holandii (1939), wszystkie trzy części archiwum zostały scalone w 1945 r. w nowej kurii przy Borgo S. Spirito 4, gdzie pozostają do dzisiaj; od roku 1995 umieszczono je w specjalnym budynku. W obecnym swoim kształcie archiwum składa się z działów: 1. dokumenty dotyczące tzw. „starego” Towarzystwa (okres poprzedzający kasatę zakonu w 1773 r.); 2. akta z czasów tzw. „nowego” Towarzystwa (okres po odrodzeniu zakonu w 1814 r.); 3. tzw. Fondo Gesuitico, czyli archiwum prokuratora generalnego zakonu zawierające głównie akta majątkowe i procesowe ; 4. zbiory specjalne. Zasób jest na bieżąco opracowywany i udostępniany do kwerend naukowych badaczom z całego świata. Sukcesywnie rośnie liczba zdigitalizowanych archiwaliów.
The Roman Archives of the Society of Jesus, known by its official Latin name, Archivum Romanum Societatis Jesu, is the main (central) archive of the Jesuits. It is located in the General Curia of the Order and its task is to collect, organize and make available to researchers a collection of documents from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is a central archive in the sense that it contains documents pertaining to the central body of the order, not all documents pertaining to Jesuits from every era and country. From 1541 to 1773, it was located in a house at the Church of the Gesu, where it remained even after the suppression of the Order, although the instability of the times led to the disappearance of many documents. In 1873, the Jesuits had to leave Rome because of the policies of the Italian government. The General Curia moved to Fiesole near Florence, where it remained until 1895, while the archives were first hidden and then sent in secret to Exaten in the Netherlands, where the German Jesuits had their house of study. By the end of 1893, the archive was spread across three different locations: the fundamental part of it was in the Netherlands, the more recent documents (those from after 1814) were in Fiesole and the archive of the Procurator General of the Order – in 1870 located in the Jesuit Collegium Romanum – was confiscated by the Italian government along with the Collegium’s library. This book collection became the origin of today’s Vittorio Emmanuele II National Library in Rome. The archives were returned to their rightful owners in 1924. After the General Curia was returned to Rome in 1895 and the archives returned from the Netherlands in 1939, all three parts of the archives were brought together in 1945 in the new Curia at Borgo Santo Spirito 4, where they remain to this day; since 1995 they have been housed in a special building. In its current form, the archive consists of the following departments: 1) the documents concerning the ‘old’ Society (before the suppression of the Order in 1773); 2) the files from the time of the ‘new’ Society (after the rebirth of the Order in 1814); 3) the so-called Fondo Gesuitico, or archive of the Order’s Procurator General, containing mainly property and litigation files; and 4) the special collections. The resources are being compiled on an ongoing basis and made available for scientific study to researchers from around the world. The number of digitised archival materials is also increasing successively.
The Roman Archives of the Society of Jesus, known by its official Latin name, Archivum Romanum Societatis Jesu, is the main (central) archive of the Jesuits. It is located in the General Curia of the Order and its task is to collect, organize and make available to researchers a collection of documents from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is a central archive in the sense that it contains documents pertaining to the central body of the order, not all documents pertaining to Jesuits from every era and country. From 1541 to 1773, it was located in a house at the Church of the Gesu, where it remained even after the suppression of the Order, although the instability of the times led to the disappearance of many documents. In 1873, the Jesuits had to leave Rome because of the policies of the Italian government. The General Curia moved to Fiesole near Florence, where it remained until 1895, while the archives were first hidden and then sent in secret to Exaten in the Netherlands, where the German Jesuits had their house of study. By the end of 1893, the archive was spread across three different locations: the fundamental part of it was in the Netherlands, the more recent documents (those from after 1814) were in Fiesole and the archive of the Procurator General of the Order – in 1870 located in the Jesuit Collegium Romanum – was confiscated by the Italian government along with the Collegium’s library. This book collection became the origin of today’s Vittorio Emmanuele II National Library in Rome. The archives were returned to their rightful owners in 1924. After the General Curia was returned to Rome in 1895 and the archives returned from the Netherlands in 1939, all three parts of the archives were brought together in 1945 in the new Curia at Borgo Santo Spirito 4, where they remain to this day; since 1995 they have been housed in a special building. In its current form, the archive consists of the following departments: 1) the documents concerning the ‘old’ Society (before the suppression of the Order in 1773); 2) the files from the time of the ‘new’ Society (after the rebirth of the Order in 1814); 3) the so-called Fondo Gesuitico, or archive of the Order’s Procurator General, containing mainly property and litigation files; and 4) the special collections. The resources are being compiled on an ongoing basis and made available for scientific study to researchers from around the world. The number of digitised archival materials is also increasing successively.
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Keywords
archiwum, jezuici, historiografia, Rzymskie Archiwum Towarzystwa Jezusowego, Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu, archive, Jesuits, historiography, Roman Archives of the Society of Jesus
Citation
"Archiwa Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne", 2022, Vol. 118, s. 67-82