Ochronki w Królestwie Polskim w świetle akt Rady Głównej Opiekuńczej (1832-1870)
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Date
2021
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Publisher
Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Abstract
Głównym celem artykułu jest próba ukazania wkładu Rady Głównej Opiekuńczej (1832-1870) w organizację ochron dla dzieci na terenie Królestwa Polskiego w XIX wieku. Z powodu zniszczenia większości akt RGO w czasie II wojny światowej badania oparte są jedynie na szczątkowym zespole znajdującym się w zbiorach Archiwum Głównego Akt Dawnych w Warszawie. Z zachowanych akt wynika, że RGO starała się nadzorować działalność ochron w Królestwie Polskim i mobilizowała lokalnych filantropów do zakładania nowych. Dbała przy tym o zachowanie pewnych standardów co do lokalu czy zabezpieczenia finansowego planowanej ochrony. Dużą wagę RGO przykładała do tego, aby funkcje opiekunów powierzano osobom godnym zaufania, których celem było przede wszystkim dobro dzieci. Wszelkie nadużycia starano się eliminować. W latach 60. XIX wieku na terenie Królestwa Polskiego funkcjonowało kilkanaście ochron dla dzieci, natomiast na masową skalę zaczęły one powstawać na początku XX wieku. Z pewnością spore zasługi w tym zakresie miała RGO, która przygotowała wcześniej grunt pod tego typu działalność.
The main aim of the article is to show the contribution of the Central Welfare Council (1832-1870) to the organization of protection for children in the Polish Kingdom in the 19th century. Due to the destruction of the majority of the Council’s files during the Second World War, the research is based only on the residual team found in the collection of the Main Archive of Old Files in Warsaw. The preserved records show that the CWC tried to supervise the protection activities in the Kingdom of Poland and mobilized local philanthropists to establish new ones. At the same time, it took care to maintain certain standards as to the premises and financial security of the planned protection. The CWC attached great importance to the fact that the functions of guardians were entrusted to trustworthy people, whose primary goal was the welfare of children. All abuses were eliminated. In the 1860s, in the Kingdom of Poland, there were several dozen or so guardianship for children, while on a mass scale they started to be established at the beginning of the 20th century. The CWC, which had previously prepared the ground for this type of activity, certainly had considerable merit in this respect.
The main aim of the article is to show the contribution of the Central Welfare Council (1832-1870) to the organization of protection for children in the Polish Kingdom in the 19th century. Due to the destruction of the majority of the Council’s files during the Second World War, the research is based only on the residual team found in the collection of the Main Archive of Old Files in Warsaw. The preserved records show that the CWC tried to supervise the protection activities in the Kingdom of Poland and mobilized local philanthropists to establish new ones. At the same time, it took care to maintain certain standards as to the premises and financial security of the planned protection. The CWC attached great importance to the fact that the functions of guardians were entrusted to trustworthy people, whose primary goal was the welfare of children. All abuses were eliminated. In the 1860s, in the Kingdom of Poland, there were several dozen or so guardianship for children, while on a mass scale they started to be established at the beginning of the 20th century. The CWC, which had previously prepared the ground for this type of activity, certainly had considerable merit in this respect.
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Keywords
Rada Główna Opiekuńcza, ochronki, Królestwo Polskie, XIX wiek, Central Welfare Council, protections, Kingdom of Poland, XIX century
Citation
"Roczniki Pedagogiczne", 2021, Vol. 13, nr 1, s. 139-147