Nadprzyrodzone przyczyny epidemii w 2Sm 24 i 1Krn 21. Teodoret a inni Ojcowie Kościoła
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Date
2021
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Wydawnictwo KUL
Abstract
Celem obecnego opracowania jest wyjaśnienie, jak Teodoret z Cyru i inni Ojcowie Kościoła tłumaczyli epidemię opisaną w 2Sm 24 oraz 1Krn 21. Jak wykazuje analiza tekstów źródłowych, starali się znaleźć odpowiedź na pytanie o przyczyny kataklizmu i jego naturę. W swych ustaleniach dystansowali się od kwestii medycznych, usiłowali natomiast zinterpretować fakty na gruncie teologii. Byli przekonani, że epidemia to następstwo grzechu, ale nie jednostkowego, co może sugerować pobieżna lektura wskazanych fragmentów Biblii, lecz grzechu w wymiarze ogólnospołecznym. Masowość ofiar zarazy i jej gwałtowność pisarze antyczni przypisują działaniu anioła, którego identyfikacja pozostaje kwestią otwartą. Jak podkreślają, w całym zdarzeniu objawia się miłosierdzie Boga, który ogranicza czas trwania choroby i powstrzymuje epidemię.
The purpose of the present study is to explain how Theodoret of Cyr and other Church Fathers explained the epidemic described in 2 Samuel 24 and 1 Chronicles 21. As the analysis of the source texts shows, they tried to find an answer to the question about the causes of the cataclysm and its nature. In their findings, they distanced themselves from medical issues, but tried to interpret the facts on the basis of theology. They were convinced that the epidemic was a consequence of sin, but not of an individual sin, which may be suggested by a cursory reading of the indicated passages of the Bible, but of sin in the social dimension. Ancient writers attribute the victims of the plague and its violence to the action of an angel, whose identification remains an open question. As they emphasize, God's mercy is revealed in the whole event, which limits the duration of the disease and stops the epidemic.
The purpose of the present study is to explain how Theodoret of Cyr and other Church Fathers explained the epidemic described in 2 Samuel 24 and 1 Chronicles 21. As the analysis of the source texts shows, they tried to find an answer to the question about the causes of the cataclysm and its nature. In their findings, they distanced themselves from medical issues, but tried to interpret the facts on the basis of theology. They were convinced that the epidemic was a consequence of sin, but not of an individual sin, which may be suggested by a cursory reading of the indicated passages of the Bible, but of sin in the social dimension. Ancient writers attribute the victims of the plague and its violence to the action of an angel, whose identification remains an open question. As they emphasize, God's mercy is revealed in the whole event, which limits the duration of the disease and stops the epidemic.
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2Sm 24, 1Krn 21, spis ludności, król Dawid, zaraza, Ojcowie Kościoła, epidemia, Teodoret z Cyru, Augustyn, Ambroży, Jan Chryzostom, Raban Maur, 2 Samuel 24, 1 Chronicles 21, King David, census,, plague, Church Fathers, epidemic, Theodoret of Cyrus, Augustine, Ambrose, John Chrysostom, Hraban Maurus
Citation
"Vox Patrum", 2021, T. 78, s. 311-332