Kościoły rzymskokatolickie na Ukrainie Lewobrzeżnej (XIX-XX wiek). Przegląd retrospektywny
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Date
2020-06-30
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Wydawnictwo KUL
Abstract
W artykule dokonano krótkiej retrospektywy historii kościołów rzymskokatolickich na Ukrainie Lewobrzeżnej w XІХ-ХХ wieku, od budowy w czasach Imperium Rosyjskiego do losów w czasach radzieckich, i wspomniano o współczesnej sytuacji z kościołami już w niepodległej Ukrainie. Na początku zostały przeanalizowane czynniki, które spowodowały powstanie licznej Polonii na obszarach Ukrainy Lewobrzeżnej, czyli w guberniach: jekaterynosławskiej, połtawskiej, charkowskiej oraz czernihowskiej. Na tych terenach dzięki staraniom miejscowych Polaków zbudowano 12 kościołów w: Czernihowie, Nieżynie, Połtawie, Romnie, Krzemieńczuku, Jekaterynosławiu, Kamieńskim, Jenakijewie, Mariupolu, Bachmucie, Charkowie i Sumach. W podsumowaniu artykułu zaznaczono, że każdy kościół od momentu swojej konsekracji stał się centrum życia nie tylko społeczności polskiej, ale także miejscem spotkań katolików różnych narodowości. Podczas okupacji Ukrainy przez wojska bolszewickie kościoły zostały zamknięte, a część z nich zburzono. Tylko nieliczne świątynie przetrwały do naszych czasów. Dziś stanowią one ważne pamiątki architektury sakralnej, zdobiące centrum ukraińskich miast.
This article provides a short retrospective of the history of Roman Catholic churches in Left-Bank Ukraine in the 19th–20th century, from construction during the Russian Empire to their fate in the Soviet era. It also mentions the contemporary situation of churches in independent Ukraine. Firstly, the factors that caused the establishment of numerous Polish communities in the areas of Left-Bank Ukraine, i.e. in the Yekaterinoslav, Poltava, Kharkiv and Chernihiv Governorates, were analyzed. Thanks to the efforts of local Poles 12 churches were built in this area, namely in: Chernihiv, Nizhyn, Poltava, Romny, Kremenchuk, Yekaterinoslav, Kamianske, Yenakiieve, Mariupol, Bakhmut, Kharkiv and Sumy. In the summary of the article it was pointed out that every church, since its consecration, had become a centre of life not only of the Polish community, but also a meeting place for Catholics of different nationalities. During the occupation of Ukraine by the Bolshevik army, the churches were closed and some of them demolished. Only a few temples have survived to our times. Today, they are important remnants of sacral architecture, decorating the centres of Ukrainian cities.
This article provides a short retrospective of the history of Roman Catholic churches in Left-Bank Ukraine in the 19th–20th century, from construction during the Russian Empire to their fate in the Soviet era. It also mentions the contemporary situation of churches in independent Ukraine. Firstly, the factors that caused the establishment of numerous Polish communities in the areas of Left-Bank Ukraine, i.e. in the Yekaterinoslav, Poltava, Kharkiv and Chernihiv Governorates, were analyzed. Thanks to the efforts of local Poles 12 churches were built in this area, namely in: Chernihiv, Nizhyn, Poltava, Romny, Kremenchuk, Yekaterinoslav, Kamianske, Yenakiieve, Mariupol, Bakhmut, Kharkiv and Sumy. In the summary of the article it was pointed out that every church, since its consecration, had become a centre of life not only of the Polish community, but also a meeting place for Catholics of different nationalities. During the occupation of Ukraine by the Bolshevik army, the churches were closed and some of them demolished. Only a few temples have survived to our times. Today, they are important remnants of sacral architecture, decorating the centres of Ukrainian cities.
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Keywords
kościół, Ukraina Lewobrzeżna, architektura sakralna, polska mniejszość, Polonia, church, Left-Bank Ukraine, sacral architecture, Polish minority, Polish community
Citation
"Archiwa, Biblioteki I Muzea Kościelne" 2020, T. 113, s. 485-510.