Dylematy osób z autyzmem związane z wychowaniem moralnym. Studium z edukacji medialnej w świetle badań własnych
Abstract
Przedmiotem badań były dylematy związane z wychowaniem moralnym, z jakimi osoby z ASD spotykają się w codziennym życiu. Praca miała za zadanie odpowiedzieć na pytanie w jakim stopniu osoby z autyzmem rozumieją sytuacje moralne, dobro i zło i jakie mają poczucie powinności moralnej oraz jak ją motywują w zakresie codziennych sytuacji społecznych, oraz czy i jeśli tak, to z jakimi dylematami moralnymi spotykają się w życiu. zastosowane środki dydaktyczne to tablice, 18 tablic do badań pilotażowych i 64 tablice do badań właściwych, opracowane za pomocą symboli PCS w programie "Boardmaker with Speaking Dynamically Pro" wersja 6 z 2007 r. Dotyczyły 6 obszarów z zadaniami katechezy, opracowanymi zgodnie z okresami rozwoju moralnego L. Kohlbergera. Za podstawową metodę badań przyjęto metodę" geneza - wykład - ocena", metody pomocnicze to: analiza ilościowa i jakościowa wyników badań, metoda porównawcza oraz sondażu diagnostycznego na próbie ważonej, wybranej świadomie. Rozprawę podzielono na cztery rozdziały. W pierwszym opracowano zagadnienie całościowego zaburzenia rozwoju, jakim jest autyzm, przedstawiono definicje i dostępne na ten temat wyniki badań. Następnie opracowano rys historyczny diagnozowania, przybliżono najnowsze kryteria oraz hipotetyczne etiologie zaburzenia. W dalszej części scharakteryzowano zaburzenia widoczne w codziennym funkcjonowaniu osób z autyzmem. Rozdział drugi to rozważania moralności, ocen, norm, wartości i poczucia powinności moralnej oraz dylematów moralnych. Przybliżono również teorie rozwoju moralnego, w tym teorię L. Kohlbergerea, na podstawie której oceniano poziom rozwoju moralnego osób z autyzmem. Trzeci rozdział obejmuje analizę wyników przeprowadzonych badań pilotażowych i zasadniczych oraz ocenę zastosowania komunikacji alternatywnej i wspomagającej osoby z autyzmem. Rozdział czwarty to wnioski i postulaty opracowane na podstawie badań. Wskazują one na dylematy moralne, z którymi spotykają się na co dzień osoby z autyzmem, oraz pokazują możliwości ich rozwiązania, np. przykładowe tablic do komunikacji religijno-moralnej. Wyniki badań oraz postulaty zawarte w rozprawie mogą posłużyć do kontynuacji badań nad rozwojem moralnym osób z autyzmem w związku z trudnościami związanymi i wynikającymi z zaburzenia, Wszystko to wpłynie na lepsze poznanie zaburzenia, jakim jest autyzm, ale i na konkretną pomoc, rozwój oraz pełniejszy udział osób z ASD " w neurotypowym świecie".
The subject of the research was the dilemmas related to moral education that people with ASD face in their everyday lives. The work was designed to answer question about how much people with autism understand moral situations, good and evil and how they feel about their moral duty and how they motivate them. in their everyday social situations, and if so, what moral dilemmas they face in life. The didactic aids used are the boards, 18 pilot study boards and 64 specific study boards, developed using PCS symbols in the program "Boardmaker with Speaking Dynamically Pro" version 6 from 2007. They concerned six areas with catechesis task developed in accordance with the periods of moral development of L. Kohlberger. The " genesis - lecture - evaluation" method has been adopted as the basic research method, auxiliary methods are: quantitative and qualitative analysis of research results, a comparative method and a diagnostic survey on a consciously selected, weighted sample. The dissertation was divided into four chapters. In the first one, the issue of a comprehensive developmental disorder, i.e. autism, was developed and definitions and available research results were presented. Next, the historical background of the diagnosis was developed, the most recent criteria and hypothetical etiologies of the disorder were presented. In the next part, the disorders visible in everyday functioning of people wit autism are characterized. The second chapter includes reflections on morality, judgments, norms, values and sense of moral duty and moral dilemmas. The theories of moral development are also presented, including the theory of L. Kohlberger theory, on the basis of which the level of moral development of people with autism was assessed. The third chapter includes an analysis of the results of pilot and fundamental research and an assessment of the use of alternative and supportive communication for people with autism. The fourth chapter includes conclusions and postulates based on the research. They indicate the moral dilemmas that people with autism encounter on daily basis and show the possibilities of solving them, e.g. sample tables for religious-moral communication. The results of the research and the postulates contained in the thesis can by used to continue the research on moral development of people with autism in connection with their difficulties related to and resulting from the disorder.All of this will contribute to a better understanding of the autism disorder, but also to the specific help development and more complete participation of people with ASD in "neurotypical world".
The subject of the research was the dilemmas related to moral education that people with ASD face in their everyday lives. The work was designed to answer question about how much people with autism understand moral situations, good and evil and how they feel about their moral duty and how they motivate them. in their everyday social situations, and if so, what moral dilemmas they face in life. The didactic aids used are the boards, 18 pilot study boards and 64 specific study boards, developed using PCS symbols in the program "Boardmaker with Speaking Dynamically Pro" version 6 from 2007. They concerned six areas with catechesis task developed in accordance with the periods of moral development of L. Kohlberger. The " genesis - lecture - evaluation" method has been adopted as the basic research method, auxiliary methods are: quantitative and qualitative analysis of research results, a comparative method and a diagnostic survey on a consciously selected, weighted sample. The dissertation was divided into four chapters. In the first one, the issue of a comprehensive developmental disorder, i.e. autism, was developed and definitions and available research results were presented. Next, the historical background of the diagnosis was developed, the most recent criteria and hypothetical etiologies of the disorder were presented. In the next part, the disorders visible in everyday functioning of people wit autism are characterized. The second chapter includes reflections on morality, judgments, norms, values and sense of moral duty and moral dilemmas. The theories of moral development are also presented, including the theory of L. Kohlberger theory, on the basis of which the level of moral development of people with autism was assessed. The third chapter includes an analysis of the results of pilot and fundamental research and an assessment of the use of alternative and supportive communication for people with autism. The fourth chapter includes conclusions and postulates based on the research. They indicate the moral dilemmas that people with autism encounter on daily basis and show the possibilities of solving them, e.g. sample tables for religious-moral communication. The results of the research and the postulates contained in the thesis can by used to continue the research on moral development of people with autism in connection with their difficulties related to and resulting from the disorder.All of this will contribute to a better understanding of the autism disorder, but also to the specific help development and more complete participation of people with ASD in "neurotypical world".
Description
Wydział Teologii, Instytut Nauk Teologicznych; promotor rozprawy doktorskiej: ks. dr hab. Andrzej Kiciński, prof. KUL
Keywords
dylemat moralny, osoba z autyzmen, wychowanie moralne, moral dilemma, person with autism, moral education