Legal Issues Related To The Flight Of Peasants In Old Poland (14th-19th Century)
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Date
2019
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Publisher
Wydawnictwo KUL
Abstract
W świetle dawnego prawa polskiego stojącego na gruncie systemu norm niewoli chłopskiej rozumianej jako instytucja prawna, zbiegostwo chłopów posiadało kwalifikację czynu nielegalnego, który zagrożony był różnorodnymi sankcjami prawnymi. Przyczynami zbiegostwa była zazwyczaj chęć poprawy warunków egzystencji. Kierunkiem jaki obierali zbiegowie była inna wieś (inny majątek ziemski), miasto (prywatne lub królewskie) lub nawet chłopi uchodzili poza granice państwa. Niniejsza analiza zwraca uwagę na najważniejsze problemy prawne związane ze zbiegostwem chłopów w dawnej Polsce dotyczące źródeł prawa w zakresie zbiegostwa chłopów, sposobów dochodzenia na drodze sądowej do wydania zbiega, rodzajów sankcji za zbiegostwo, oraz innych niż zbiegostwo form opuszczania przez chłopów majątku pańskiego.
In the light of old Polish law, based on the system of norms of peasant slavery, understood as a legal institution, the flight of peasants was qualified as an illegal act, which was subject various to legal sanctions. The reason why peasants chose to become fugitives was usually their desire to improve living conditions. The direction the fugitives took was another village (a different demesne), a town (private or royal); peasants even crossed state borders. This analysis draws attention to the most important legal problems related to the flight of peasants in old Poland concerning the sources of law as regards the flight of peasants, ways of seeking to release a peasant by means of court proceedings, types of sanctions for such flight, and forms of peasants’ abandonment of master’s property other than flight.
In the light of old Polish law, based on the system of norms of peasant slavery, understood as a legal institution, the flight of peasants was qualified as an illegal act, which was subject various to legal sanctions. The reason why peasants chose to become fugitives was usually their desire to improve living conditions. The direction the fugitives took was another village (a different demesne), a town (private or royal); peasants even crossed state borders. This analysis draws attention to the most important legal problems related to the flight of peasants in old Poland concerning the sources of law as regards the flight of peasants, ways of seeking to release a peasant by means of court proceedings, types of sanctions for such flight, and forms of peasants’ abandonment of master’s property other than flight.
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Keywords
First Polish Republic, feudalism, peasants, flight of peasants, slave trade, old Polish law
Citation
"Review of European and Comparative Law" 2019, T. 38, nr 3, s. 7-32