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- Item11th Scientific Seminar of the Department of Civil Procedure of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Vienna, 24 June 2023(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Lisowska-Krakowiak, Sylwia
- Item11th Scientific Seminar of the Department of Civil Procedure of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Vienna, 24 June 2023(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Lisowska-Krakowiak, Sylwia
- ItemA Bottom-up Look at Mutual Trust and the Legal Practice of the Aranyosi Test(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Peristeridou, ChristinaThis contribution offers an insight into the legal practice of the Aranyosi test during the EAW proceedings in seven Member States, an outcome of the research conducted during the ImprovEAW Project. Only the executing judicial authorities of some Member States do trigger the test. Member States are roughly differentiated between those having facilities with usually bad or usually good detention conditions, promoting antagonistic relationships instead of equal partnership. The lack of streamlining of the communication when supplementary information is requested, the lack of common standards and approach towards guarantees lead to further misunderstandings and frustration. The findings of this research have revealed the importance of departing from a pure legal understanding of mutual trust and follow a more empirical, experiential or bottom-up concept. Mutual trust is not only a legal concept, but it underpins the legal culture of the cooperation and collegial attitudes of authorities towards one another. This expression of mutual trust remains quite undiscovered: how is miscommunication affecting mutual trust? Do judicial authorities of legal systems express collegiality to one another? How do cultural aspects and preconceived ideas regarding the quality of other legal systems influence mutual trust? Accordingly, some suggestions have been made to improve the cooperation and the establishment of rapport when supplementary information is requested. Finally, I advocate for a more neutral view towards the Aranyosi test. As opposed to considering it as a supervisory mechanism, I have explored the idea of approaching it as a risk management tool: it tackles risks created by mutual trust. Such approach helps both sides to take responsibility to avert ad hoc risks, instead of experiencing Aranyosi as a testing moment. Such approach centres the real problem, i.e. the risks created by mutual trust for individuals and it can stimulate more proactive policy-making in this regard.
- ItemA Double-Edged-Sword Approach to Fighting Pandemics: Patent Waivers and Incentives to Innovate(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Kostka, Katarzyna; Kovač, MitjaAlthough continents recently experienced an apocalyptic pandemic that posed a mortal danger to millions of people, a new, even deadlier pandemic could soon emerge… The paper seeks to address the role played by patent waivers and current contractual arrangements in the pharmaceutical industry in addressing the dangers caused by the current and future pandemics. The process of waiving patents is explored where it is argued that it sadly cannot amount to the knight in shining armour that everyone has been expecting. Due to the lack of coordination, the tremendously long process, and the potential block in innovation arising from pharmaceutical companies having smaller incentives, more attention must be paid to other alternative institutional solutions. Drawing from the economics literature on innovation in the pharmaceutical sector, a conceptual framework is proposed for improved legal intervention in the case of patent waivers in international intellectual property law instruments. In addition, the paper provides a comparative law and economics treatment of current patent waivers in US, EU, and international law instruments.
- ItemA Preliminary Bibliography of Polish Publications Concerning the Dead Sea Scrolls (from 1947 to the Spring of 2022)(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Klukowski, MichałThis publication presents a preliminary bibliography of material on the Dead Sea Scrolls for the years 1947–2022 (spring), which includes only Polish authors’ works which were published. The bibliography has been divided into four parts. The first part gives a list of recent Polish bibliographies, the second one contains monographs and collective works, the third one comprises book chapters and articles appearing in collective works, and the fourth part – papers published in periodicals. The entire work is preceded by a list of abbreviations.
- ItemA Priestly Perspective on the Representation of History in the "Praise of the Ancestors" (Sir 44–49)(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Pudełko, Jolanta JudytaThe article aims to synthetically present the idea of priesthood in the Praise of the Ancestors (Sir 44–49), a text that contains a theological reflection and description of selected characters in the biblical story from the point of view of a sage living at the turn of the 3rd-2nd centuries BC. First, the successive stages of history depicted by Ben Sira and their possible connections to priesthood are outlined. Then, priesthood as viewed by Ben Sira was presented using specific examples of individuals known from the history of biblical Israel (Aaron, Phinehas, David, Samuel, Joshua son of Jehozadak). However, kings from the Davidic dynasty no longer reigned after the Babylonian exile, even though the sage compares the governor Zerubbabel, who came from the House of David, with the high priest Joshua, son of Jehozadak. The sign of the covenant, however, remained the high priest. Anonymous references to women in the Praise of the Ancestors also feature references to the reality of the cult. Closing the Praise of the Ancestors, Adam is a type of priest that foreshadows the story’s culmination in the description of the high priest Simon II (Sir 50:1–21). The priesthood in Ben Sira’s view is the keystone that connects the past to the present.
- ItemA Stranger in My Own Land: Can a Sojourner Belong to the Household?(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Clifton, BrunoOccasionally, the biblical term גר has been taken to refer to a “dependent worker” or “client” based on the thought that household membership can be gained through work provided to the household. Mention of household membership tests the identity of the sojourner in the ancient world as stranger or foreigner; a social category listed with widows and orphans - whose status is also defined by the household - as deserving of protection. Given its centrality as a basic social unit in the ancient Near East, we might expect that purchase in a household would grant a status that dissolves the social distance and attendant consequences (fragility of income, lack of patrimony, object of suspicion) thought to be borne by גרים. In what sense, then, is a “dependent worker” who secures membership in the household a גר ? This article reconsiders how distant a person must be from the society within which he resides to make him a ,גר shifting the semantic emphasis of this term away from origin and towards social integration.
- ItemA Year in Stanisław Grzepski’s (1524–1570) "De multiplici siclo et talento hebraico"(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Linke, WaldemarThe article explores Stanisław Grzepski’s workshop of biblical exegesis and his hermeneutics. By analyzing his analysis of the system of biblical measurements and his views on the concept of the year in the Jewish-biblical world – as derived and reconstructed on the basis of textual comparison of the Hebrew, Greek and Latin versions of the Scripture, along with thorough mathematical calculations – one can perceive Grzepski’s approach to the Bible. His hermeneutics, seen against the background of the presuppositions of medieval and Renaissance exegesis, allow the author of the article to draw certain conclusions concerning the threats that also modern exegesis should be cautious of.
- ItemAchmea, Kramer and Disconnection Clauses. EU Legal Regionalism in Action(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2024) Láncos, Petra LeaOver the past decades, the European Union has been gradually developing and maintaining legal regionalism within its jurisdiction. Its purpose is to preserve the achievements of integration, as well as the unity and autonomy of EU law. In this paper, I recount the toolbox of EU legal regionalism from primary law, through the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, to the institution of the so-called disconnection clauses employed by the EU in certain international treaties, expanding also on their possible effects on international law and the Member States’ relations with third parties.
- ItemADR in Sport on the Example of Association Football in Poland and Ukraine(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Sławicki, Piotr; Kryzhanivskyi, ViktorThe subject of this article is the use of ADR in sports disputes in association football under the Polish and Ukrainian law. Professional and amateur sport generates various types of disputes related to both disciplinary and civil cases, an example of which may be disputes arising during the execution of contracts binding players and football clubs. In the first part, the scope of disputes that are subject to ADR in association football is outlined. The next part presents legal solutions adopted under the Polish law in this respect, of which the activity of the Football Arbitration Court of the Polish Football Association is a particular example. The last chapter is devoted to the Ukrainian perspective on the resolution of disputes in association football.
- ItemAnaliza greenwashingu w kontekście emisji długu zrównoważonego(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Ślażyńska-Kluczek, DorotaCelem opracowania jest analiza greenwashingu w kontekście emisji długu zrównoważonego. Przedstawiono pojęcie greenwashingu, wskazano na zielone obligacje, obligacje zrównoważone oraz obligacje powiązane ze zrównoważonym rozwojem jako narzędzie finansowania, a następnie dokonano zestawienia przykładowych jednostek, które deklarując wypełnianie celów środowiskowych i ogłaszając, że korzystają ze zrównoważonego finansowania, w rzeczywistości stosują greenwashing. Postawiono następującą hipotezę: emisja długu zrównoważonego może być wykorzystana w celu podania nieprawdziwych informacji na temat prośrodowiskowej działalności jednostki dążącej do korzystnego postrzegania jej marki przez odbiorców. The aim of the study is to analyze greenwashing in terms of sustainable debt issuance. The concept of greenwashing is described, and the instruments of sustainable debt are identified. Then, the list of entities that issue sustainable debt but in fact use greenwashing has been presented. The following hypothesis is put forward: the issuing of sustainable debt can be used to provide false information about the pro-environmental activity of an entity striving for a positive perception of its brand by the recipients.
- ItemAnalysis of the Market and Needs of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector in Context of Liquidity Management(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Bednarzewska, KingaPodstawy teoretyczne: Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy analizy rynku narzędzi do monitorowania i windykacji należności oraz zarządzania płynnością finansową przedsiębiorstw. Przedstawia także wyniki badania ankietowego dotyczącego problemów i potrzeb w zakresie zarządzania płynnością finansową w sektorze małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw (MSP). Zatory płatnicze są problemem dotykającym polską gospodarkę od wielu lat. Zjawisko to przybiera na sile. Nieterminowe płatności przekładają się na płynność finansową przedsiębiorstw. W wyniku tego pojawia się tzw. łańcuch zadłużeń, który polega na tym, że jeżeli jeden podmiot nie otrzymuje należnych mu pieniędzy w terminie, to nie ma on również środków, którymi mógłby spłacić własne zobowiązania wobec innego podmiotu. Ten z kolei ma ten sam problem w stosunku do kolejnego. Wskutek tego powstają zatory płatnicze. Ich przyczyny są rozmaite. Opóźnienie w terminowym regulowaniu zobowiązań może wynikać z powodu wspomnianego „łańcucha zadłużeń” albo z sytuacji, w której przedsiębiorca toczy spór o właściwe wykonanie umowy. Na polskim rynku dostępne są instrumenty wspomagające zarządzanie płynnością finan- sową przedsiębiorstw, jednakże przedsiębiorstwa zgłaszają niedostateczne ich funkcje oraz użyteczność. Cele badawcze: Cele badawcze zostały sformułowane następująco: – identyfikacja problemów przedsiębiorstw w zakresie płynności finansowej i zarządzania nią, – analiza dostępnych rozwiązań rynkowych do monitorowania należności i windykacji, – analiza narzędzi informatycznych do zarządzania płynnością finansową wykorzystywanych przez przedsiębiorstwa, – ocena wskaźnika zainteresowania korzystaniem z nowego narzędzia informatycznego do zarządzania płynnością finansową, – ocena wskaźnika zainteresowania korzystaniem zposzczególnych funkcji narzędzia informatycznego, – poznanie preferowanej ceny zakupu narzędzia przez przedsiębiorstwa, – dentyfikacja cech narzędzi informatycznych najbardziej istotnych dla przedsiębiorstwa. Metody badawcze: Zastosowano jakościowe i ilościowe metody badawcze. Wśród metod jakościowych zastosowano sondaż diagnostyczny. Wykorzystano także technikę ankietyzacji internetowej CASI (Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing), wpisującą się w ilościową metodologię badań rynku i opinii. Narzędziem wykorzystanym do przeprowadzenia badań był kwestionariusz internetowy skierowany do interesariuszy. Wykorzystano także desk research – badania źródeł wtórnych, polegające na analizie już istniejących, dostępnych danych na temat rynku narzędzi do monitorowania i windykacji należności oraz zarządzania płynnością finansową przedsiębiorstw. Założenia badawcze: przeprowadzenie badania ankietowego dotyczącego problemów i potrzeb w zakresie zarządzania płynnością finansową w przedsiębiorstwach. Theoretical background: this article deals with a market analysis of tools for monitoring and collecting receivables and managing corporate liquidity. It also presents the results of a survey on the problems and needs of liquidity management in the SME sector. Payment bottlenecks have been a problem affecting the Polish economy for many years. This phenomenon is gaining in strength. Untimely payments affect the financial liquidity of enterprises. As a result, a so-called chain of debts emerges, whereby if one entity does not receive the money due to it on time, it also does not have the funds with which to pay its own liabilities to another entity. This entity, in turn, has the same problem in relation to another. The result is payment bottlenecks. The reasons for this are varied. Delay in timely payment of obligations may result from the above-mentioned “chain of debts” or from a situation in which the entrepreneur is in dispute over the proper performance of a contract. Instruments supporting the management of corporate liquidity are available on the Polish market, but companies report insufficient functionality and usefulness. Purpose of the article: The research objectives were formulated as follows: – identification of companies’ liquidity problems and its management, – analysis of available market solutions for monitoring receivables and debt collection, – analytical function of IT tools for liquidity management used by companies, –i ndicator evaluation focusedon using a new IT tool for liquidity management, – assessment of the indicator related to using the individual functions of the IT tool, – getting to know companies’ preferred purchase price for the tool, – identification of the features of IT tools most relevant to the business. Research methods: Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. Among the qualitative methods, a diagnostic survey was used. Also, the online survey technique CASI, Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing, was used, which is part of the quantitative methodology of market and opinion research. The tool used to carry out the research was an online questionnaire aimed at stakeholders. Desk research was also used, consisting of an analysis of already existing, available data on the market for tools for monitoring and collecting receivables and managing corporate liquidity.Research objective: Conducting a survey on liquidity management problems and needs in companies.
- ItemAndrzej Draguła, Syn marnotrawny. Biografia ocalenia (Biblioteka „Więzi” 388; Warszawa: Towarzystwo „Więź” 2022)(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Mielcarek, Krzysztof WojciechRecenzja książki: Andrzej Draguła, Syn marnotrawny. Biografia ocalenia (Biblioteka „Więzi” 388; Warszawa: Towarzystwo „Więź” 2022). Ss. 273. 39,20 PLN. ISBN: 978-83-66769-47-2. Book Review: Andrzej Draguła, Syn marnotrawny. Biografia ocalenia (Biblioteka „Więzi” 388; Warszawa: Towarzystwo „Więź” 2022). Ss. 273. 39,20 PLN. ISBN: 978-83-66769-47-2.
- ItemAndrzej Piwowar, Język Grecki Nowego Testamentu. I. Gramatyka – indeksy. II. Klucz do ćwiczeń – słownik – paradygmaty (Materiały Pomocnicze do Wykładów z Biblistyki 15; Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL 2022)(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Kubisiak, PrzemysławBook Review: Andrzej Piwowar, Język Grecki Nowego Testamentu. I. Gramatyka – indeksy. II. Klucz do ćwiczeń – słownik – paradygmaty (Materiały Pomocnicze do Wykładów z Biblistyki 15; Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL 2022). Pp. 681 + 391 (key). ISBN 978-83-8288-058-8 (vol. 1). ISBN 978-83-8288-057-1 (vol. 2).
- ItemAngielska koncepcja conspiracy a odmiana personalna przygotowania do przestępstwa w polskim prawie karnym – perspektywa prawnoporównawcza(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Surma, GrzegorzTematem opracowania jest opis instytucji prawnych w celu porównania normatywnego kształtu conspiracy w angielskim prawie karnym oraz polskiej figury odmiany personalnej przygotowania do przestępstwa (art. 16 § 1 k.k.) jako zjawisk normatywnych kryminalizujących zawarcie porozumienia w celu popełnienia przestępstwa. W pierwszej części autor przywołuje genezę przestępstwa conspiracy, opisuje jego charakter w obowiązującym angielskim ustawodawstwie oraz wskazuje na jego cechy charakterystyczne. Druga część jest poświęcona polskiej konstrukcji przygotowania do przestępstwa, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jej obecnego kształtu w Kodeksie karnym z 1997 r. Część trzecia – podsumowująca – jest poświęcona porównaniu poszczególnych elementów konstrukcyjnych obu instytucji ze wskazaniem istotnych różnic i wynikających z nich odmiennych zakresów kryminalizacji. The subject of the study is a description of legal institutions in order to compare the nor-mative shape of conspiracy in the English criminal law and the Polish personal variety figure of preparation for crime in Polish Criminal Code (Article 16 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code) as normative phenomena that criminalize the conclusion of an agreement to commit a crime. In the first part, the author evokes the genesis of conspiracy, describes its character in current English legislation and indicates its characteristics. The second part describes the Polish construction of crime preparation, with particular emphasis on its current shape in the 1997 Criminal Code. The third – concluding part is devoted to comparing individual structural elements of both institutions with the indication of significant differences and the resulting different criminalization ranges.
- ItemAradıınız kişi (şu anda) ulaşılamıyor! The Turkish vowel system, (the so-called) 'Yumuşak g' (ğ), and Turkish phonology: On a missed opportunity(KUL Publishing House, 2023) Royer-Artuso, NicolasIn this paper, some core premises that are held about Turkish Phonology are put into question, both theoretically and empirically. Some modifications to the Turkish phonological inventory and to the language's phonotactic constraints are then proposed. It is shown how modifying the phonological inventory and modifying phonotactic statements about the language gives a more realistic perspective on the empirical data. In the conclusion, some new avenues of research are finally proposed.
- ItemAtrakcyjność inwestycyjna i płatnicza kryptowalut – ocena z perspektywy analizy SWOT(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Żółtaszek, Agata; Matera, AleksandraKryptowaluty, jako nowy środek płatniczy i przedmiot inwestycji, stały się powszechnym tematem dyskusji na rynkach finansowych. Ewolucja pieniądza dowodzi, że jego forma przez tysiąclecia dostosowywana była do potrzeb ludzi i rynku, a kryptowaluty są bez wątpienia kolejnym etapem w tej długiej historii. Na chwilę obecną trudno stwierdzić, czy waluty wirtualne wejdą w przyszłości do mainstreamu finansów, czy pozostaną niszową formą pieniądza. Dołączenie do grona użytkowników kryptowalut, czy też unikanie tej metody płatności i formy inwestycji, powinno być podyktowane rzetelną oceną realnych szans zysków, jakie dają waluty wirtualne, oraz zagrożeń z nimi związanych. Głównym powodem atrakcyjności płatniczej i inwestycyjnej kryptowalut jest brak centralnego emitenta, czyli funkcjonowanie na zasadzie zdecentralizowanego systemu. Głównym czynnikiem do obaw są duże zmiany cen poszczególnych coinów w krótkim i ultrakrótkim okresie. Ponadto anonimowość transakcji sprzyja ich wykorzystywaniu w działalności przestępczej, co budzi niepokój wielu potencjalnych użytkowników. Ryzykiem, którego nieświadomych jest wielu posiadaczy, jest ich negatywny wpływ na środowisko wynikający z ogromnego zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną podczas „wydobywania” coinów i powiązany z tym ślad węglowy. Poszerzenie wiedzy o funkcjonowaniu rynku kryptowalut powinno wpłynąć pozytywnie na racjonalność zachowań inwestorów, zwłaszcza indywidualnych, stabilizację długookresową popytu i cen, jak również na zapewnienie wyższego poziomu bezpieczeństwa na zdecentralizowanych rynkach finansowych. The cryptocurrency market is still in the development phase, both technologically and organizationally, but it has undoubtedly revolutionized the functioning and perception of the financial sector. As the results of a global survey suggest, as many as 92% of respond-ents have heard of cryptocurrencies, but only 50% declare that they know what they are. Since their introduction into circulation, they have invariably aroused interest, but also concerns. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the investment attractiveness of cryptocurrencies using the SWOT method. The article presents the characteristics of virtual currencies (advantages and disadvantages, i.e. anonymity, decentralization, transfer module), as well as selected opportunities (i.e. increased availability, incorporation into payment systems and transaction facilitation) and threats (in particular financial, ecological and criminal risks). The results of the analysis should prove helpful in the process of making investment and financial decisions regarding the use of cryptocurrencies. The discrepancy in the goals and priorities regarding the regulation and evaluation of cryptocurrencies between various entities (individual and collective users, states, public institutions, criminal groups) makes the future of virtual currencies difficult to predict. It can be expected that in the long term, the popularization or marginalization of crypto-currencies will be determined by the extent to which it will be possible to take advantage of opportunities and minimize threats at subsequent stages of development, as well as the consistency and effectiveness of policies relating to investing in cryptocurrencies.
- ItemAutomatically generated language learning exercises for Finno-Ugric languages(KUL Publishing House, 2023) Ferenczi, ZsanettMorphologically rich languages always constitute a great challenge for language learners. The learner must be able to understand the information encoded in different word forms of the same root and to generate the correct word form to express certain syntactic functions and grammatical relations by conjugating a verb or declining a noun, an adjective or a pronoun. One way to improve one’s language skills is through exercises that focus on certain aspects of grammar. In this paper, a language learning application is presented that is intended to help learners of Finnish and Hungarian (with Hungarian and Finnish L1, respectively) acquire new vocabulary items, as well as practice some grammar aspects that according to surveys are considered difficult by learners of these languages with the other Finno-Ugric language being the learner’s native tongue, while alleviating the need to create these exercises manually. This application is a result of an on-going research project. In this research project, bilingual translation pairs and additional monolingual data were collected that can be utilized to build language learning exercises and an online bilingual dictionary with the help of automatic methods. Several linguistic patterns and rules were defined in order to automatically select example sentences that focus on a given part of the target language. These sentences were automatically annotated with the help of language processing tools. Due to the large size of the previously collected data sets, to date, only a subset of the analyzed sentences and the bilingual translation pairs has been manually evaluated. The results of this evaluation are discussed in this paper in order to estimate the precision of the methodology presented here. To ensure the precision of the information and the reliability of the application, only manually validated data sets are displayed. In this project, continuous data validation is planned, since it leads to more and more examples and vocabulary items that learners can benefit from.
- ItemBen Sira’s Idea on the Role and Tasks of the Physician in the Process of Healing the Sick (Sir 38:12–15)(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2024) Piwowar, AndrzejThe last part of Ben Sira’s reflections on the activities of his contemporary physicians and the medicine of the time contained in Sir 38:1–15 is devoted to the attitude of the medical practitioner when healing the sick person (38:12–15). The pericope has a concentric structure with the attitude of the physicians towards God at its centre (38:13–14). The frame verses are devoted to the attitude of the sick person (38:12) and the sinner (38:15) towards the physician. According to the sage, it is not enough for a suffering person to turn to God alone asking to restore their health (Sir 38:9–11), but they should call on a doctor to help them recover (38:12a). The sick person needs a doctor’s help (38:12b). The Greek text emphasises that one should not be afraid of a doctor because God created them (the Hebrew version omits this argument; see 38:12a). Therefore, physicians are desired by the Lord and, like all creatures, God has also assigned them a specific task. However, physicians cannot rely solely on their knowledge and skills while healing a sick person. They should ask (pray to) God to allow them first to make the correct diagnosis (as explicitly stated in the Hebrew version), and then to heal their patient. The last verse of the pericope (38:15) poses many difficulties, which are reflected in numerous interpretations of its content. According to the analysis made in the article, it does not contain a negative image of a medical practitioner because its main message is the link between the cause of illness and sin (traditional perception of illness expressed in the Old Testament based on the principle of retribution). In Sir 38:12–15, as well as in the entire reflection on the contemporary medicine (38:1–15), Ben Sira made an excellent synthesis between this field of science and Israel’s faith in the divine Physician.