Artykuły naukowe (WF)
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Browsing Artykuły naukowe (WF) by browse.metadata.rights "Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
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- ItemAristotle's Syllogistic as a Deductive System(MDPI, 2020-05-19) Kulicki, PiotrAristotle's syllogistic is the first ever deductive system. After centuries, Aristotle's ideas are still interesting for logicians who develop Aristotle's work and draw inspiration from his results and even more from his methods. In the paper we discuss the essential elements of the Aristotelian system of syllogistic and Łukasiewicz's reconstruction of it based on the tools of modern formal logic. We pay special attention to the notion of completeness of a deductive system as discussed by both authors. We describe in detail how completeness can be defined and proved with the use of an axiomatic refutation system. Finally, we apply this methodology to different axiomatizations of syllogistic presented by Łukasiewicz, Lemmon and Shepherdson.
- ItemNeyman-Pearson Hypothesis Testing, Epistemic Reliability and Pragmatic Value-Laden Asymmetric Error Risks(Springer, 2021-03-18) Kubiak, Adam Paweł; Kawalec, Paweł; Kiersztyn, AdamWe show that if among the tested hypotheses the number of true hypotheses is not equal to the number of false hypotheses, then Neyman-Pearson theory of testing hypotheses does not warrant minimal epistemic reliability (the feature of driving to true conclusions more often than to false ones). We also argue that N-P does not protect from the possible negative effects of the pragmatic value-laden unequal setting of error probabilities on N-P’s epistemic reliability. Most importantly, we argue that in the case of a negative impact no methodological adjustment is available to neutralize it, so in such cases the discussed pragmatic-value-ladenness of N-P inevitably compromises the goal of attaining truth.