Modlitwa „Sub Tuum praesidium”: czas powstania, miejsce w liturgii oraz recepcja w kulturze muzycznej. Zarys problematyki
Loading...
Date
2021
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Wydawnictwo KUL
Abstract
„Sub Tuum praesidium” uważane jest za najstarszą modlitwę prośby skierowanej do Najświętszej Maryi Panny. Jej grecki tekst znajduje się odnalezionym w Egipcie na początku XX w. papirusie, który został zakupiony w 1917 r. przez John Rylands Library w Manchester i wydany w 1938 przez Colina Hendersona Robertsa. Dotychczas uważano, że jest to najstarsza zachowana wersja tej modlitwy. W dyskusji nad kwestią jej datacji wielu badaczy wskazywało np. na III wiek (Giamberardini, Starowieyski). Okazuje się jednak, że w świetle najnowszych badań paleograficznych, należy przesunąć ten czas na VI/VII, a nawet VIII/IX wiek (Hans Förster, Theodore de Bruyns, Arne Effenberger). Według Förstera to wiedeński zapis antyfony, pochodzący z VI/VII w. powinien być dziś uważany za najstarszy (ed. Treu i Diethart, 1993).
„Sub Tuum praesidium” włączono w wiekach średnich w ramy oficjum brewiarzowego, co potwierdzają księgi liturgiczne: Antyfonarz z Compiègne (IX w.), Lekcjonarz z Cluny (XI w.), Antyfonarz z Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, Antyfonarz ambrozjański (XII w.). Modlitwa ta znalazła także miejsce w obrzędzie błogosławieństwa obrazu Najświętszej Dziewicy (Pontyfikał Duranda) oraz w liturgii mszalnej w rycie ambrozjańskim (Missale Ambrosianum). Po Soborze Watykańskim II włączono ją w zakończenie komplety (Liturgia Godzin) oraz do „Graduale romanum”.
Antyfona „Sub Tuum praesidum” miała także wpływ na ukształtowanie się wielkich form muzycznych inspirowanych jej tekstem i gregoriańską melodyką. Do grupy tej należą m.in. dwa cykle mszalne (Obrecht, La Rue), motety (Palestrina, Mielczewski, Pękiel, Charpentier, Zelenka, Mozart, Gounod, Saint-Saëns, Moniuszko) oraz kompozycje współczesne, które powstały w XX w. (Perosi, van Looy, Sawa, Bartolucci) oraz XXI wieku (Villard, Molinari, Ward, Pandolfo, Militello, Majka, Czerniewicz, Łukaszewski, Kramarz).
„Sub Tuum praesidium” is considered to be the oldest prayer of petition addressed to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Its Greek text is found in a papyrus found in Egypt in the early 20th century, which was purchased in 1917 by the John Rylands Library in Manchester and published in 1938 by Colin Henderson Roberts. Until now it was believed to be the oldest surviving version of this prayer. In the discussion on the question of its dating, many researchers pointed, for example, to the 3rd century (Giamberardini, Starowieyski). It turns out, however, that in the light of the latest palaeographic research, this time should be moved to the 6th/7th or even 8th/9th century (Hans Förster, Theodore de Bruyns, Arne Effenberger). According to Förster, it is the Viennese transcription of the antiphon, dating from the 6th/7th century, that should be considered the oldest today (ed. Treu and Diethart, 1993). In the Middle Ages the „Sub Tuum praesidium” was incorporated into the framework of the Office of the Breviary, as attested by the following liturgical books: the Compiègne Antiphonary (9th century), the Lectionary of Cluny (11th century), the Saint-Maur-des-Fossés Antiphonary, the Ambrosian Antiphonary (12th century). The prayer also found a place in the rite of blessing the image of the Blessed Virgin (Durand Pontifical) and in the Mass liturgy in the Ambrosian rite (Missale Ambrosianum). After the Second Vatican Council, it was included at the end of the Complite (Liturgy of the Hours) and in the „Graduale romanum”. The antiphon „Sub Tuum praesidum” also influenced the formation of great musical forms inspired by its text and gregorian melodies. This group includes, among others, two Mass cycles (Obrecht, La Rue), motets (Palestrina, Mielczewski, Pękiel, Charpentier, Zelenka, Mozart, Gounod, Saint-Saëns, Moniuszko) and contemporary compositions written in the 20th century (Perosi, van Looy, Sawa, Bartolucci) and the 21st century (Villard, Molinari, Ward, Pandolfo, Militello, Majka, Czerniewicz, Łukaszewski, Kramarz).
„Sub Tuum praesidium” is considered to be the oldest prayer of petition addressed to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Its Greek text is found in a papyrus found in Egypt in the early 20th century, which was purchased in 1917 by the John Rylands Library in Manchester and published in 1938 by Colin Henderson Roberts. Until now it was believed to be the oldest surviving version of this prayer. In the discussion on the question of its dating, many researchers pointed, for example, to the 3rd century (Giamberardini, Starowieyski). It turns out, however, that in the light of the latest palaeographic research, this time should be moved to the 6th/7th or even 8th/9th century (Hans Förster, Theodore de Bruyns, Arne Effenberger). According to Förster, it is the Viennese transcription of the antiphon, dating from the 6th/7th century, that should be considered the oldest today (ed. Treu and Diethart, 1993). In the Middle Ages the „Sub Tuum praesidium” was incorporated into the framework of the Office of the Breviary, as attested by the following liturgical books: the Compiègne Antiphonary (9th century), the Lectionary of Cluny (11th century), the Saint-Maur-des-Fossés Antiphonary, the Ambrosian Antiphonary (12th century). The prayer also found a place in the rite of blessing the image of the Blessed Virgin (Durand Pontifical) and in the Mass liturgy in the Ambrosian rite (Missale Ambrosianum). After the Second Vatican Council, it was included at the end of the Complite (Liturgy of the Hours) and in the „Graduale romanum”. The antiphon „Sub Tuum praesidum” also influenced the formation of great musical forms inspired by its text and gregorian melodies. This group includes, among others, two Mass cycles (Obrecht, La Rue), motets (Palestrina, Mielczewski, Pękiel, Charpentier, Zelenka, Mozart, Gounod, Saint-Saëns, Moniuszko) and contemporary compositions written in the 20th century (Perosi, van Looy, Sawa, Bartolucci) and the 21st century (Villard, Molinari, Ward, Pandolfo, Militello, Majka, Czerniewicz, Łukaszewski, Kramarz).
Description
Keywords
Sub Tuum praesidium, datacja, liturgia, wielkie formy muzyczne, Sub Tuum praesidium, dating, liturgy, great musical forms
Citation
"Vox Patrum", 2021, T. 80, s. 239-268