Mallarmé et les paradoxes de la vanité
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Date
2018
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Abstract
L’article analyse la notion polysémique de vanité dans la pensée et dans l’œuvre de Mallarmé. Le concept dévoile les paradoxes de la création mallarméenne: le poète jugé obscur et accusé de vanité, était déchiré entre le rêve de gloire et l’autodévalorisation. C’est dans l’Art auto-réflexif par excellence qu’il projetait sa satisfaction d’artiste et trouvait un sens de la vie. Mais ayant vécu une crise spirituelle et découvert la vanité du langage, Mallarmé a choisi de prolonger une illusion de la littérature en trouvant dans le Néant les ressources de sa poésie. À force de «creuser le vers», il construit donc une poétique de la vanité qui reste synonyme d’inanité ou de vide où le sens des mots est relayé par la sonorité du langage. En plus, tout en luttant contre la stérilité poétique, à travers l’écriture des Vanités, Mallarmé s’immerge dans la mort afin de créer un «tombeau idéal» pour son fils disparu.
This article analyses a polysemous term of vanity in Mallarmé ’s idea and oeuvre. This concept shows paradoxes of Mallarmé’s creation: a misunderstood poet accused of being vain who was torn between the dream of glory and the self-devaluation. It was in the autoreflexive art par excellence, where Mallarmé saw his satisfaction and found the sense of life. After the experience of spiritual crisis and the discovery of worthlessness of language, Mallarmé, finding in the Nothingness the resources of poetry, decided to extend the illusion of literature. “Digging into the line”, he built the poetics of vanity which is a synonym of futility or void where the sense of word is replaced by the language sonority. What is more, while fighting against the poetic impotence, Mallarmé, due to writing about Vanitas, immersed into death to create an “ideal tomb” for his late son.
This article analyses a polysemous term of vanity in Mallarmé ’s idea and oeuvre. This concept shows paradoxes of Mallarmé’s creation: a misunderstood poet accused of being vain who was torn between the dream of glory and the self-devaluation. It was in the autoreflexive art par excellence, where Mallarmé saw his satisfaction and found the sense of life. After the experience of spiritual crisis and the discovery of worthlessness of language, Mallarmé, finding in the Nothingness the resources of poetry, decided to extend the illusion of literature. “Digging into the line”, he built the poetics of vanity which is a synonym of futility or void where the sense of word is replaced by the language sonority. What is more, while fighting against the poetic impotence, Mallarmé, due to writing about Vanitas, immersed into death to create an “ideal tomb” for his late son.
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Mallarmé, vanité, néant, vide, mort, vanity, nothingness, void, death
Citation
"Quêtes littéraires" 2018, nº 8, s. 116-128