Poésie et utopie en France, au XIXe siècle
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Date
2021
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Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset
Abstract
Cet article oppose les textes de propagande positive et ouvrière en vers français du XIXe siècle (Du Camp) à la prose lyrique et visionnaire des saint-simo-niens (Duveyrier). À partir du jugement de Baudelaire sur l ’incompatibilité entre poésie et didactisme, on s ’interroge sur le statut et l ’artialité de la poésie sociale. Du côté de la poésie ouvrière (Cent et une petites misères, Œuvre sociale), on découvre la verdeur de la langue populaire, la vis comica et la fantaisie tandis que la fable socialiste (Lachambeaudie) est remarquable par la compassion. Sous la plume des prophètes du progrès (Enfantin), les disciplines – religion, architecture, poésie, mathématiques – loin d ’être cloisonnées, sont objets analogues et langages conver-tibles. Le poème, l ’image et la cité idéale elle-même changent leurs caractéristiques et se correspondent. L ’innovation sociale ne peut se dire qu ’à travers la forme nova-trice du poème en prose urbain et la Révolution industrielle appelle une révolution des formes poétiques. La poéticité de ces textes, inversement proportionnelle au ré-alisme et à la spécialisation du lexique employé, tient à un art de la suggestion et à l ’essor d ’un imaginaire renouvelé par la modernité technique, citadine et scientifique.
This paper confronts versified positivist propaganda (Du Camp) with lyrical and visionary prose of Saint-Simon ’s followers (Duveyrier). Taking as the point of departure Baudelaire's judgment about the incompatibility between poetry and didacticism, this paper queries the status and aesthetic value of social poetry. The working class poetry (One hundred small miseries, Social work) is full of vitality of the popular style, replete with humorous energy and fantasy, whereas the socialist fable (Lachambeaudie) expresses a lot of empathy. Under the positivist prophets ’ pen, the disciplines – religion, architecture, poetry, mathematics – are not separated but analogous and convertible. According to these thinkers, there is no difference between a poem, picture of the ideal city and utopia itself. Social innovation can only be told by the innovative form of the urban prose poem, and the Industrial Revolution calls for a revolution of poetic forms. The poeticity of these texts, inversely proportional to the realism and to the specialization of the lexicon used, stems from the art of suggestion and the rise of imagination renewed by technical, urban and scientific modernity.
This paper confronts versified positivist propaganda (Du Camp) with lyrical and visionary prose of Saint-Simon ’s followers (Duveyrier). Taking as the point of departure Baudelaire's judgment about the incompatibility between poetry and didacticism, this paper queries the status and aesthetic value of social poetry. The working class poetry (One hundred small miseries, Social work) is full of vitality of the popular style, replete with humorous energy and fantasy, whereas the socialist fable (Lachambeaudie) expresses a lot of empathy. Under the positivist prophets ’ pen, the disciplines – religion, architecture, poetry, mathematics – are not separated but analogous and convertible. According to these thinkers, there is no difference between a poem, picture of the ideal city and utopia itself. Social innovation can only be told by the innovative form of the urban prose poem, and the Industrial Revolution calls for a revolution of poetic forms. The poeticity of these texts, inversely proportional to the realism and to the specialization of the lexicon used, stems from the art of suggestion and the rise of imagination renewed by technical, urban and scientific modernity.
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Keywords
XIXe siècle, littérature française, utopie, poésie sociale, poème en prose, didactisme, positivisme, 19th century, French literature, utopia, social poetry, prose poem, didacticism, positivism
Citation
"Quêtes littéraires" 2021, nº 11, s. 60-75