Duchowieństwo katolickie i zakony we Włocławku i okolicy pod okupacją niemiecką (1939-1945)
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Date
2019
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Wydawnictwo KUL
Abstract
Spośród wszystkich diecezji w Polsce, diecezja włocławska w czasie drugiej
wojny światowej poniosła największe straty w stanie duchowieństwa: wraz
z bp. Pomocniczym M. Kozalem zginęło 225 kapłanów i 7 kleryków, tj. 50,2%
stanu przedwojennego. Cały obszar diecezji znalazł się w obrębie ziem anektowanych
do III Rzeszy; większość terytorium wraz z Włocławkiem należało
do tzw. Kraju Warty, a część tzw. zawiślańska (20 parafii) weszła w skład
Okręgu Gdańsk-Prusy Zachodnie. W obliczu zbliżających się działań wojennych
biskup włocławski Karol Radoński wraz z kardynałem Augustem Hlondem
i biskupem Stanisławem Okoniewskim opuścili diecezję. W pierwszych
miesiącach wojny zdecydowana część duchowieństwa Włocławka i okolic
została aresztowana i wywieziona do obozu w Dachau, a część rozstrzelana;
uratowali się tylko nieliczni. Podobny los spotkał zgromadzenia zakonne
i klasztory. Sukcesywnie likwidowano domy zakonne. Na 249 parafii diecezji
włocławskiej (w tym dwie wojskowe) w Kraju Warty czynnych było tylko
pięć, funkcjonowały natomiast parafie „zawiślańskie”, gdzie Niemcy tolerowali
działalność kilku księży. Księża zarówno z duszpasterstwa tolerowanego,
jak i tajnego swoją pracę duszpasterską ograniczali właściwie tylko do dostępu
wiernych do sakramentów świętych, ewentualnie odprawienia mszy św. nie
zawsze w kościele, ale często na plebanii, organistówce lub w domu prywatnym,
i to tylko dla pewnej grupy wiernych. Niemcy kierując się nienawiścią do
Kościoła, burzyli świątynie, niszczyli krzyże, obrazy, figury, kapliczki przydrożne
i wystrój kościołów.
Of all dioceses in Poland, the diocese of Włocławek suffered the greatest losses of the clergy during World War II: 225 priests and 7 seminarians were killed along with Auxiliary Bishop M. Kozal, which accounted for 50,2% of the pre-war clergy. The whole diocese was annexed to Nazi Germany; most of the territory, including Włocławek, became part of the so-called Reichsgau Wartheland, and the Zawiślański region (20 parishes) became part of The Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. Due to the approaching military operations, Wrocław Bishop Karol Radoński, Cardinal August Hlond and Bishop Stanisław Okoniewski left the diocese. During the first months of the war, a great number of the priests from Włocławek and its region were arrested; some of them were deported to the camps in Dachau and others were shot, only few managed to survive. Religious congregations and monasteries met the similar fate. Monastic houses were gradually dissolved. Of 249 parishes of the diocese of Włocławek (including two military ones) only 5 left in The Reichsgau Wartheland; the parishes of the Zawiślański region, however, were allowed to function and the Germans tolerated the activity of some priests. The priests both from these tolerated parishes and underground ones limited their pastoral work to administering sacraments and celebrating Holy Masses primarily in the presbytery and other parish or private buildings. The masses were addressed only to the selected members of the faithful. The Germans, being driven by hatred for the Church, demolished churches, destroyed crosses, paintings, fi gures, roadside shrines and church decorations.
Of all dioceses in Poland, the diocese of Włocławek suffered the greatest losses of the clergy during World War II: 225 priests and 7 seminarians were killed along with Auxiliary Bishop M. Kozal, which accounted for 50,2% of the pre-war clergy. The whole diocese was annexed to Nazi Germany; most of the territory, including Włocławek, became part of the so-called Reichsgau Wartheland, and the Zawiślański region (20 parishes) became part of The Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. Due to the approaching military operations, Wrocław Bishop Karol Radoński, Cardinal August Hlond and Bishop Stanisław Okoniewski left the diocese. During the first months of the war, a great number of the priests from Włocławek and its region were arrested; some of them were deported to the camps in Dachau and others were shot, only few managed to survive. Religious congregations and monasteries met the similar fate. Monastic houses were gradually dissolved. Of 249 parishes of the diocese of Włocławek (including two military ones) only 5 left in The Reichsgau Wartheland; the parishes of the Zawiślański region, however, were allowed to function and the Germans tolerated the activity of some priests. The priests both from these tolerated parishes and underground ones limited their pastoral work to administering sacraments and celebrating Holy Masses primarily in the presbytery and other parish or private buildings. The masses were addressed only to the selected members of the faithful. The Germans, being driven by hatred for the Church, demolished churches, destroyed crosses, paintings, fi gures, roadside shrines and church decorations.
Description
Tłumaczenie streszczenia w języku angielskim Aneta Kiper.
Keywords
diecezja włocławska, duchowieństwo, okupacja niemiecka, II wojna światowa, prześladowania Kościoła katolickiego, Dachau, the diocese of Włocławek, the clergy, German occupation, world war II, the persecution of the Catholic Church
Citation
"Archiwa, Biblioteki I Muzea Kościelne" 2019, T. 111, s. 57-75