Od jednej Ewangelii Chrystusa do czterech Ewangelii Kościoła
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Date
2019
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Wydawnictwo KUL
Abstract
Pośród wielu zagadnień, które musiał podjąć pierwotny Kościół w swojej misji, było także przyjęcie jednoznacznie określonego korpusu pism, a zwłaszcza Ewangelii, aby móc na tym fundamencie kształtować swoje życie i swoją doktrynę. Problem komplikował się z tego powodu, że jedna Ewangelia głoszona przez Chrystusa bardzo szybko stała się źródłem wielu pism, które pretendowały do stania się jej autentycznym świadectwem. Pojawiło się wiele Ewangelii. Kwestia dokonania odpowiedniego wyboru stała się przedmiotem poczynań i sporów, w których uczestniczyli Marcjon, Justyn, Tacjan, a w końcu Ireneusz z Lyonu. Ten ostatni w najwyższym stopniu przyczynił się do skodyfikowania zbioru czterech Ewangelii: Mateusza, Marka, Łukasza i Jana (jednej Ewangelii w czterech formach) jako normy życia kościelnego. Artykuł zawiera próbę odtworzenia tego procesu, który dokonał się w II wieku.
The Early Church had to deal with numerous issues while fulfilling Its mission. One of them was the question of formulating the unambiguous list of canonical writings, especially Gospels, which would serve as a foundation for shaping of Its life and Its doctrine. The problem was even more complicated since one Gospel taught by Jesus before long became the source for manifold writings which aspired to become Its authentic testimony. As a result, a lot of Gospels appeared. The question of making the right choice became the source of actions and the subject of debates held by Marcion of Sinope, Justin Martyr, Tatian the Syrian, and finally Saint Irenaeus. The latter, most notably contributed to the codification of all four, now-canonical Gospels by Matthew, Mark, Luke and John (one Gospel in four variations) as a rule for Church life. The article includes the attempt to recreate the process which took place in the 2nd century.
The Early Church had to deal with numerous issues while fulfilling Its mission. One of them was the question of formulating the unambiguous list of canonical writings, especially Gospels, which would serve as a foundation for shaping of Its life and Its doctrine. The problem was even more complicated since one Gospel taught by Jesus before long became the source for manifold writings which aspired to become Its authentic testimony. As a result, a lot of Gospels appeared. The question of making the right choice became the source of actions and the subject of debates held by Marcion of Sinope, Justin Martyr, Tatian the Syrian, and finally Saint Irenaeus. The latter, most notably contributed to the codification of all four, now-canonical Gospels by Matthew, Mark, Luke and John (one Gospel in four variations) as a rule for Church life. The article includes the attempt to recreate the process which took place in the 2nd century.
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Keywords
Ewangelia, kanon, Marcjon, Justyn, Tacjan, Ireneusz z Lyonu, Gospel, canon, Marcion of Sinope, Justin Martyr, Tatian the Syrian, Saint Irenaeus
Citation
"Vox Patrum" 71 (2019), s. 351-372