La Mythologie politique de Paul Hadol : des figures du pouvoir à l’épreuve des mythes grecs dans la caricature au début de la Troisième République (1871-1872)
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Date
2020
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Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II; Werset
Abstract
Entre 1871 et 1872, le dessinateur Paul Hadol publie dans l'hebdomadaire satirique Le Charivari onze portraits-charges formant une série intitulée La Mythologie politique. Cet article rappelle d'abord comment celle-ci s'inscrit dans une tradition préexistante de parodie iconographique de l'Antiquité qui naît en Angleterre à la fin du XVIIIe siècle avant d'être acclimatée en France à partir de la monarchie de Juillet.
On interroge ensuite les critères de sélection biographique des célébrités caricaturées et la cohérence thématique possible de la série à partir de la typologie des filtres mythologiques – le cycle de Troie, les divinités olympiennes, les héros, les monstres. Enfin, l'analyse plus spécifiquement sémiotique des caricatures met en évidence la reprise du procédé associant grosse-tête et légende versifiée aux deux séries du Panthéon charivarique (1838-1841 et 1866-1867), la dimension de rébus politique, et le jeu de citations artistiques, littéraires voire musicales. L'épilogue montre que la portée de la série peut s'envisager d'un point de vue politique et artistique mais aussi intellectuel dans le rapport au temps qu'elle questionne.
Between 1871 and 1872, the cartoonist Paul Hadol published in the satirical weekly Le Charivari, eleven loaded portraits forming a series entitled La Mythologie politique. This article first places the series against the backdrop of the pre-existing tradition of iconographic parody of antiquity that began in England at the end of the 18th century, before being adopted in France during the July Monarchy. We then question the biographical criteria for the selection of the caricatured celebrities, and the potential thematic coherence of the series based on the typology of mythological filters – the cycle of Troy, the Olympian deities, heroes, monsters. Finally, the more specifically semiotic analysis of the caricatures highlights the resumption of the process associating big-head and versified legend with the two series of the Charivaric Pantheon (1838-1841 and 1866-1867), the dimension of political rebus, and the game of artistic, literary and even musical quotes. The conclusion shows that the scope of the series can be considered from a political and artistic point of view, but also intellectually in relation to the time which it concerns.
Between 1871 and 1872, the cartoonist Paul Hadol published in the satirical weekly Le Charivari, eleven loaded portraits forming a series entitled La Mythologie politique. This article first places the series against the backdrop of the pre-existing tradition of iconographic parody of antiquity that began in England at the end of the 18th century, before being adopted in France during the July Monarchy. We then question the biographical criteria for the selection of the caricatured celebrities, and the potential thematic coherence of the series based on the typology of mythological filters – the cycle of Troy, the Olympian deities, heroes, monsters. Finally, the more specifically semiotic analysis of the caricatures highlights the resumption of the process associating big-head and versified legend with the two series of the Charivaric Pantheon (1838-1841 and 1866-1867), the dimension of political rebus, and the game of artistic, literary and even musical quotes. The conclusion shows that the scope of the series can be considered from a political and artistic point of view, but also intellectually in relation to the time which it concerns.
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Keywords
caricature politique; mythologie; Antiquité; Paul Hadol; Le Charivari, political caritature; mythology; antiquity; Paul Hadol; Le Charivari
Citation
"Quêtes littéraires" 2020, nº 10, s. 78-93`