Quêtes littéraires
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Quêtes littéraires est une revue annuelle publiée depuis 2011 par l'Université Catholique de Lublin Jean-Paul II et les Éditions Werset. La revue est un lieu d'échange de recherches consacrées à la littérature française et francophone et se veut un espace ouvert où sont invités à publier tous les chercheurs qui travaillent dans ce domaine.
(English) Quêtes littéraires is an annual journal published since 2011 by the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin and Werset Publishing House. The journal is a forum for exchange of ideas concerning French and Francophone literary studies; we invite all researchers whose work focuses on this field. We welcome submissions pertinent to the topic we propose for each thematically-oriented volume. We accept original research articles in French that represent high academic quality.
Politique d'accès libre
La revue paraît une fois par an, en décembre. Depuis 2017 elle est publiée en même temps en version papier et version électronique ; elle est disponible dans le modèle Open Access. En accord avec la politique d'accès ouvert, nous rendons nos articles directement et immédiatement accessibles au public.
Rédacteur en chef:
Edyta Kociubińska (Université Catholique de Lublin Jean-Paul II).
Contact principal: ekociub@kul.pl
Rédacteur en chef adjoint:
Judyta Niedokos (Université Catholique de Lublin Jean-Paul II)
Comité scientifique:
José-Luis Diaz (Université Paris VII, France)
Giovanni Dotoli (Université de Bari, Italie)
Véronique Duché (Université de Melbourne, Australie)
Gérard Gengembre (Université Caen Normandie, France)
Pierre Glaudes (Université Paris IV, France)
Anthony Glinoer (Université de Sherbrooke, Canada)
Philippe Hamon (Université Paris III-Sorbonne Nouvelle, France)
Georges Jacques (Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique)
Samia Kassab-Charfi (Université de Tunis, Tunisie)
Wiesław Malinowski (Université Adam Mickiewicz de Poznań, Pologne)
Bertrand Marchal (Université Paris IV, France)
Paweł Matyaszewski (Université Catholique de Lublin JP II, Pologne)
Charles Mazouer (Université Bordeaux-Montaigne, France)
Zbigniew Naliwajek (Université de Varsovie, Pologne)
Catherine Nesci (Université de Californie à Santa Barbara, États-Unis)
Marc Quaghebeur (Archives et Musée de la Littérature, Bruxelles, Belgique)
Ana Helena Rossi (Université de Brasília, Brésil)
Daniel Sangsue (Université de Neuchâtel, Suisse)
Gisèle Séginger (Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, France)
Magdalena Wandzioch (Université de Silésie, Pologne)
ISSN: 2084-8099
e-ISSN: 2657-487X
DOI: 10.31743/ql
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Université Catholique de Lublin JP II
Al. Racławickie 14
20-950 Lublin
e-mail: quetes-litteraires@kul.pl
Université Catholique de Lublin JP II
Al. Racławickie 14
20-950 Lublin
e-mail: quetes-litteraires@kul.pl
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- ItemLa présence et le fonctionnement de l’absence dans le Nouveau Roman(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2011) Grzesiak, CzesławThe French nouveau roman is characterised by lack of numerous elements typical of the traditional, commonly called Balzacian, novel. This lack involves the rejection of plot, omniscient narrator, psychological, moral and ideological factors, social and political engagement, the decomposition of character, the indeterminacy and gradual implosion of time and space as well as the text generation based on some lack or void. The aim of the article is to present these missing elements of the represented world and to discuss their functions in the works of leading practitioners of the nouveau roman, such as Samuel Beckett (predecessor), Michel Butor, Marguerite Duras, Robert Pinget, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Nathalie Sarraute and Claude Simon.
- ItemAbsents et absences dans les Essais de Montaigne(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2011) Bjaï, DenisExcept for Étienne de la Boétie, the friend for ever gone but whose presence pervades the Essais so vividly, the reader can notice the nearly total – and therefore puzzling – absence of Montaigne’s mother, Antoinette de Louppes, contrasting with the recurrent mentions to his father, Pierre Eyquem. He will also encounter strange omissions, such as Montaigne’s silence on St-Bartholomew’s Day massacre, and telling lapses, for instance on the answers given to young King Charles IX by the cannibals from Brazil. Do the Essais really “tell everything” (On vanity, III, 9), as Montaigne claims they do?
- ItemAntonin Artaud ou l’absence à soi-même et l’expérience du vide(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2011) Rougé, DominiqueConcerning Antonin Artaud it has been a question of some lack of work, but in the article we propose to the reading we are talking about another kind of absence. Indeed, in his correspondence and in the writings of his youth, the poet was complaining to be absent to himself. He was saying that words could not convey what he felt, that he had the impression to be a spectator of himself. Over time, he will say that he was feeling some emptiness in him. Is it to fill this emptiness that he spent his time writing on notebooks, and that he had replaced speaking by screaming? As a conclusion to this article, we spend some time thinking about the concepts of absence and emptiness, following some writings of Pierre Fédida.
- ItemEntre l’absence et la présence de la Morte dans Bruges-la-Morte de Georges Rodenbach(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2011) Komandera, AleksandraIn his short novel Bruges-la-Morte Georges Rodenbach presents an inconsolable widower, Hugues Viane, who tries to immortalise his dead wife by the worship of her souvenirs and installing himself in Bruges, a “dead town”. The aim of the study is to examine how the absence changes into presence. Firstly, the Dead returns in Hugues Viane’s mind, the spouse appears in multiple portraits the widower contemplates every day and especially in the cult of her hair. Then, she reveals herself also in the history and the actual state of Bruges. Finally, the dead woman returns in her “double” – Jane Scott, a theatre dancer, who becomes for Hugues Viane his wife risen from the dead, unfortunately only for a while. Georges Rodenbach chooses absence as the main aspect of his novel, but he joins it to all kind of attempts, especially related to the fantastique, to transform it into presence.
- ItemAbsence du romanesque dans le roman hybride de Charles Nodier – Adèle(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2011) Rabsztyn, AndrzejThis paper deals with intentional breakaway of novel elements in romantic story published in 1820. On the one hand, the book belongs to the rich tradition of epistolary, on the other, it also gives un example of how formal borders can be transgressed between novel composed of letters and novel written as intimate diary, what leads to the disappearance of typical novel elements in texts from the turn of XVII and XVIII c. This absence of fiction appears firstly in paratext (especially in the preface to the novel), where the author presents his own concept of novel, and then in letters.
- ItemL’absence qui devient présence : la vie et l’Idée dans Sixtine de Remy de Gourmont(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2011) Sadkowska-Fidala, AgataSixtine by Remy de Gourmont marks the refusal of nature and tangible reality and the choice of imagination to the detriment of reality. Its principal character, Hubert d’Entragues is a faithful disciple of idealism of symbolism. Since he chooses to think rather that to live, it is not surprising that the plot of the novel is almost nonexistent. The plot develops around of d’Entragues’ desire to win the beautiful Sixtine, which is in itself condemned to failure since he is doing nothing to reach her and refuses to take any effort. The woman, who could have served as the principal impulse of the plot, is practically inexistent in this story (though it is a passionate story) and is replaced by the ideal woman: the story is doubled by the second story, e.g. a novel written by the character which is a transposition of his “cerebral” relation with Sixtine and a realisation of presence of the latter. Art replaces life, and life does not exist in itself. It is shaped by thought. But the chosen absence of any facts of life is fruitful: it gives birth to a novel. It is a story of a prisoner in love with the statute of the Virgin which he sees while taking a daily walk. In this novel the carnal accomplishment is not necessary in order for a true and sincere passion to develop, and the satisfaction of desire may destroy the dream and the ideal.
- ItemLe paradigme de l’absence dans l’œuvre de Jean Muno(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2011) Bizek-Tatara, RenataIn the works of Jean Muno the absenteeism theme has got diffrent features and forms. Escape from grey and sad reality to the world of imagination is the best way to deal with mental and physical absenteeism: weary figure is looking for loneliness away from his everyday reality. He wants to dream and reflect in peace and quite. The absence has been showed as a lack, also has been presented in the perspective of ontological. Characters created by J. Muno have personality problems cause by time reality and society. Society determined who character should become. All efforts being yourself ends failure. Muno in his works presents french speakers Belgians, called la belgitude. The heroes of Muno have problem with find them national identity, they suffer because of double culture. They are able to accept and take advantage of this situation.
- Item(In)visibles persévérances de l’absence. Les enjeux de la mise en forme dans Les Années d'Annie Ernaux(Université Catholique de Lublin Jean-Paul II, Éditions Werset, 2011) Rachwalska von Rejchwald, JolantaA dialectic between presence and absence, remembrance and oblivion, testimony and silence, body and its trace reflects the gist of the most recent Ernaux’es book. It constitutes not only plenteaus thematic confluence, but also or even majorly an axis of the book’s construction. Its structure encompasses various layers such as: rhetorical, stylistic and typographic, which separately and together combined reside in prevailing tensioned coexistence of presence and absence.
- ItemLe manque en tant que métaphore de l’écriture : de l’indicible et du mot-absence chez Marguerite Duras(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2011) Ledwina, AnnaMarguerite Duras’s works deal with the problems typical of the literary studies in the second half of the twentieth century: presence and absence, abandoning chronological order of events, and eroticism. This article analyses her literary technique, including text fragmentation and elliptical style. The author searches for appropriate means of expression, often using silence and loneliness in keeping with her vision of absence attributed to women, kept silent by the dominant culture. Omissions in the narrative emphasise the inexpressible, beyond rational. Absence is meaningful, e.g. the missing photograph in The Lover. Absence also implies a desire to change and to write. Duras shows the problem in the context of a hidden image and an act of creation. The missing word alludes to a search of self. The author grasps complexity and diversity of absence. It is part of the theme, style, and text structure, emphasising the limitations of the language and the powerlessness of the protagonist.
- ItemTom est mort/Mot est mort – l'impossibilité du langage dans le roman de Marie Darrieussecq(Université Catholique de Lublin Jean-Paul II, Éditions Werset, 2011) Kotowska, KatarzynaAn emptiness after one’s child death seems to be impossible to describe. In her novel Tom is dead, Marie Darrieussecq explores mother’s forbidden thoughts. She reconstructs her grieving process ten years after an accidental death of her four years old son. She starts to write a journal to finally deal with her trauma. Darrieussecq challenges the taboo or writing about things that words are almost impossible to express. The significant thing is that the boy’s name, “Tom”, is the anagram of “mot” which stands for “a word” in French. For that reason, the death of Tom becomes the death of word. The analysis of the novel in the optic of psychoanalysis results in interesting conclusions, just likewise Marie Darrieussecq’s study in meta-literary context.
- ItemReprésentations de l’absence et du manque : de La Dispersion au Livre brisé de Serge Doubrovsky(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2011) Levy, NuritAuthor and academic, Serge Doubrovsky, is an important figure in contemporary French literature. His numerous publications foretell the emergence of a new literary concept, positioning him in the domain of post-modernism with the emergence of auto-fiction. From The Dispersion to The Broken Book, the auto-fiction unfolds in a jerky narrative, while the genesis of the work revolves around a profound sense of lack and absence that the writer tries to fill through his writing. The experience of World War II left a lifelong indelible mark on the writer’s own identity and brings forth the creation of this hybrid autobiography that aims at tearing down generic and literary boundaries. Letters and words are used to confront what is missing in his life in a transgressing style that describes the violence of this experience. In this way, Doubrovsky leaves a trace of his existence, transforming his life into a novel – a work of fiction – and by giving space to imagination when telling his own story.
- ItemDe la fiction d’une absence à l’autofiction d’une présence : l’écriture de la mort de la mère dans l’œuvre de Jorge Semprun(Université Catholique de Lublin Jean-Paul II, Éditions Werset, 2011) Ponchon, Catherine“Night has enshrouded my childhood” write Jorge Semprun. Civil War and exile have erased any trace of the childhood he spent in Madrid. What was left to the writer were only flashes of memory and an old picture of his mother. Jorge Semprun was eight years of age when his mother died of septicemia. Through writing, thirty years later, he was able to evoke her death, but how was he to tell about her absence? Between fiction and reality, five of Jorge Semprun’s novels recreate his childhood. His mother will first of all be an absence or an implicit presence behind his relating the city of his childhood. Having set the scene, ghostly characters whose identities are undefined but whose discourses become more and more outlined will appear. The mother will become a nostalgic absence. Her features, her character will be sketched out. Jorge Semprun will move forward, hiding behind the multiple identities of his characters and the freedom which fiction provides him. It will be up to the last character, a fictive double of the writer, to find the last traces of a mother who has turned into a haunting presence.
- Item« Écrire l’absence » selon Assia Djebar : Le Blanc de l’Algérie(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2012) Gubińska, MariaThe well-known French-language writer, Assia Djebar, teaches the reader to listen intently to cultural differences, inspires tolerance towards other people and touches upon the problem of the emancipation of women in the Arab-Muslim civilization. In her work entitled Le Blanc de l’Algérie Djebar recalls deceased Algerian intellectuals, such as Albert Camus, Frantz Fanon or Kateb Yacine, as well as cruelly murdered writers and less known persons, who proved to be important for the author herself (namely her friends) and for the history of Algeria. The author bemoans those absent figures, remembering their last minutes of life, their families’ despair, and the atrocity of death. The article is an attempt at a reflection on the problem of absence that is in dichotomy with presence. The absence of great Algerians is unbearable; it is not silence, but a cry for the memory of the tragic moments in the history of the country. Those moments, when remembered, shall help understand better the painful contemporary times. Djebar in a subtle way removes a white shroud (white is the colour of mourning in the tradition of North-African countries), thus showing the reader the moving and colourful Algerian fresco.
- ItemL’absence chez Michel Butor. L’Emploi du temps et Degrés(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2012) Mrozowicki, MichałMichel Butor, born in 1926, one of the leaders of the French New Novel movement, has written only four novels between 1954 and 1960. The most famous of them is La Modification (Second thoughts), published in 1957. The author of the paper analyzes two other Butor’s novels: L’Emploi du temps (Passing time) – 1956, and Degrés (Degrees) – 1960. The theme of absence is crucial in both of them. In the former, the novel, presented as the diary of Jacques Revel, a young Frenchman spending a year in Bleston (a fictitious English city vaguely similar to Manchester), describes the narrator’s struggle to survive in a double – spatial and temporal – labyrinth. The first of them, formed by Bleston’s streets, squares and parks, is symbolized by the City plan. During his one year sojourn in the city, using its plan, Revel learns patiently how to move in its different districts, and in its strange labyrinth – strange because devoid any centre – that at the end stops annoying him. The other, the temporal one, symbolized by the diary itself, the labyrinth of the human memory, discovered by the narrator rather lately, somewhere in the middle of the year passed in Bleston, becomes, by contrast, more and more dense and complex, which is reflected by an increasinly complex narration used to describe the past. However, at the moment Revel is leaving the city, he is still unable to recall and to describe the events of the 29th of February 1952. This gap, this absence, symbolizes his defeat as the narrator, and, in the same time, the human memory’s limits. In Degrees temporal and spatial structures are also very important. This time round, however, the problems of the narration itself, become predominant. Considered from this point of view, the novel announces Gerard Genette’s work Narrative Discourse and his theoretical discussion of two narratological categories: narrative voice and narrative mode. Having transgressed his narrative competences, Pierre Vernier, the narrator of the first and the second parts of the novel, who, taking as a starting point, a complete account of one hour at school, tries to describe the whole world and various aspects of the human civilization for the benefit of his nephew, Pierre Eller, must fail and disappear, as the narrator, from the third part, which is narrated by another narrator, less audacious and more credible.
- ItemLa dialectique de l'absence et de la présence dans la création poétique : l'exemple de la poésie française(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2012) Litsardaki, MariaConsidering poetry as a literary form in close relation with absence and scarcity; this paper deals with some of the most frequent and significant forms of absence that appear in poetic texts. The physical absence of the other, due either to death or to the distance between the two individuals, is the most common kind in lyric poetry. Modern poetry often deals with Gods’ absence, which represents an important loss for the contemporary human being, trying to understand or face it. There is also the lack of inspiration and words with efficient expressive capacity that make poets suffer. However, poetry is the only way in which they express their situation and create a meaningful language. Finally, absence in poetry is also a fundamental sign of its generic specificity in connection with the means that it uses, as well as with its printed representation on paper, especially in the contemporary production. In all cases, poetry, based on the dialectic of being – not being, operates as a material, sensible and intellectual presence, which like the primordial logos fills the vacuum, eliminates absence and scarcity, generates and animates the human world and en-riches it with presence and meaning.
- ItemDes œuvres décentes qui font rougir : la métaphore véhiculant la sexualité (apparemment) absente dans quelques romans zoliens(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2012) Kaczmarek, AnnaSex and sexuality are two obsessions of the 19th century. As the literature of this time, influenced by the Victorian hypocritical morality, rejects these subjects, considered as “immoral”, the relation of any form of sexual act is consequently absent in the works of 19th century writers, even of those who consider themselves as realists. However, the work of a writer like Emile Zola cannot overlook this problem, so important for naturalism. For Zola, sex is a vital activity and should be shown in works of art. Therefore, to give his writings the appearance of decency, Zola uses metaphors that “sexualise” some elements of the world of his novels, like plants, animals, things, places and everyday occupations. This allows him to show, in an imaginary way, the aspects of life that cannot be displayed openly and directly. Thank to his poetic talent these images constitute a valuable part of his Rougon-Macquart series.
- ItemLe vide dans le théâtre camusien(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2012) Jakubczuk, RenataThis article is an analysis of two plays by a great French literature writer, Albert Camus: Caligula (1945) and Le Malentendu (The Misunderstanding, sometimes published as Cross Purpose, 1944). After a careful presentation of the plots of the play, we are proposing a definition of the following terms: the absence and the void. Afterwards, we examine the nature of the absences presented, and we offer a classification of such absences. We establish four categories of the void: philosophical, spiritual, physical, and the absence of the closest kin. A re-reading of the dramaturgical texts serves to appreciate the manner in which these texts are presented to the reader/spectator and to prove that the Camusian void is in a strict relation with an existential pain associated with the absence of God in people’s life.
- Item« Les marques » de l’absence dans le théâtre de Maurice Maeterlinck(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2012) Enache, EugeniaOur approach is focused on the issue of the “markers” of absence as well as on the expression and materialization of that absence in a corpus of works formed of the following plays: L’Intruse, Les Aveugles, Intérieur by Maurice Maeterlinck. The acceptions the concept of “absence” may receive throughout our analysis are parts of the phenomenon of progressive alienation seen, for instance, as separation (stressing the idea of distance and departure), or as solitude, then omission (in the sense of forgetting), and culminating with the inability of perception that anticipates isolation, physical imprisonment and announces death (designated through a privative prefix) as an absence that is always present and obscurity. We attempt to reveal the “markers” of absence on the level of certain constituents of the play: the character, formed of a discursive feature, infinitely simple and repetitive, much more diminished and developing without individuality, like a silent, mysterious ghost; and the action where it is rather inaction that represents our primary direction of research. As a secondary direction, we consider the markers of absence in a language that, in the case of Maeterlinck, is remarkably pure and lacks any syntactic or lexical complication, from lexical structures (the reassessment of short expressions makes the utterances seem captivatingly strange, revealing, beyond words, unutterable, unspeakable) and the grammar, especially the semantics of its forms – the 3rd person pronouns, a form we may consider as deprived of referential content, the indefinite pronouns which indicate absence –, the semantics of punctuation, especially that of the suspension points.
- ItemLa poésie de Philippe Jaccottet : réparer l’absence, « à la frontière de Dieu »(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2012) Guermès, SophieIn 1961 Philippe Jaccottet wrote: "The best answer to all kinds of questions is the poem’s very absence of a response". In keeping with the elusive nature of the world, abandoned by the gods and by God, the poem remains mysterious, thus translating as well as preserving the inexhaustible richness of Nature and human beings. So the poet not only accepts such a precarious situation, but learns from it. Nevertheless, when someone dear dies, the poet tends to deny the absence of the loved one and revolts against it, since there no longer are any signs of presence: merely incomprehensible absence. Yet he chooses to bear witness, even if he remains ignorant and weak. In effect, this is a duty: poetry provides a link which enables the separation to avoid becoming a definitive absence. Words are repairing shuttles.
- ItemCher Antoine ou l’amour raté de Jean Anouilh – de l’absence à la présence de personnage(Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Werset, 2012) Kucharuk, SylwiaThe eponymous hero of this little-known play by Jean Anouilh is perceived by other protagonists as absent. Nevertheless, his presence is becoming more and more vivid with the development of the plot, which is illustrated by the analysis presented in the article. It shows the process in which the absent hero transforms into a character fully present in the text. The detailed analysis of the character’s presence in particular space-time dimensions, as well as the actant analysis, prove that the main character pretends to be absent from the beginning of the play in order to achieve a definite goal.